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我们调查了76例(♂44,♀32)1～3岁中国小儿主动脉弓对应脊柱的位置、主动脉弓的长度、周径以及其分支类型。一、小儿主动脉弓的上缘,平均位于第二、三胸椎椎间盘高度;下缘平均位于第四胸椎上1/3高度。二、主动脉弓中部水平,平均位于第三胸椎下1/3高度,76例1、2和3岁小儿在脊柱第七区内的分布,按年龄分别为脊柱分区的6.05、6.10和6.19。小儿的高于成年人。三、1、2和3岁中国小儿主动脉弓的长度平均分别为20.6±1.31毫米、19.3±0.59毫米和20.8±0.43毫米。四、1、2和3岁中国小儿主动脉弓的周径,于发出无名动脉之前,平均分别为35.8±0.86毫米、36.4±1.04毫米和38.6±0.83毫米;于发出左锁骨下动脉之后,平均分别为26.1±1.01毫米、26.9±1.25毫米和29.7±0.79毫米。五、在76例中国小儿主动脉弓的分支中,共观察到七个类型,其中有1型并未包括在张为龙根据 McDonald 和 Anson 分型的基础所提出的20型内。若将此型计算在内,人类主动脉弓的分支型,则可扩大到21型。此七型如下:A 型:52例,占68.42±5.33%。B型:11例占14.47±4.03%。C 型:4例,占5.26±2.56%。D 型:1例,占1.32±1.31%。F 型:4例,占5.26±2.56%,其中有1例称甲状胸腺干。BF 型:1例,占1.32±1.31%,此型由无名动脉与左颈总动脉合成的共同干以及左锁骨下动脉构成,并由共同干发出甲状腺最下动脉。我们依照 De Garis 的分型,将 B 型和 F 型合并成 BF 型。J 型:3例,占3.95±2.23%,本型在小儿的出现率较成年人高。六、将本文76例主动脉弓分支型与成年人相对照,结果表明,主动脉弓的分支类型随年龄不同而有所变化。
We surveyed 76 pediatric (♂44, ♀32) 1-3-year-old children with pediatric aortic arch corresponding to the spine position, the length of the aortic arch, the circumference and its branches. First, the pediatric aortic arch on the edge, the average is located in the second and third thoracic disc height; lower edge of the average in the fourth thoracic on the 1/3 height. Second, the aortic arch central level, the average third lower thoracic vertebrae 1/3 height, 76 cases of 1, 2 and 3 years old children in the spine in the seventh area distribution, respectively, by age of the spine zooplasty 6.05,6.10 and 6.19. Children are higher than adults. Third, the average lengths of pediatric aortic arch in 1, 2, and 3 years old were 20.6 ± 1.31 mm, 19.3 ± 0.59 mm and 20.8 ± 0.43 mm, respectively. Four, 1,2 and 3-year-old Chinese pediatric aortic arch circumference, an average of 35.8 ± 0.86 millimeters, 36.4 ± 1.04 millimeters and 38.6 ± 0.83 millimeters before giving an unnamed artery; after the left subclavian artery was issued, the average were 26.1 ± 1.01 mm, 26.9 ± 1.25 mm and 29.7 ± 0.79 mm. Five of the 76 pediatric aortic arch pediatric China, observed a total of seven types, of which type 1 is not included in Zhang Wei Long based on McDonald and Anson type based on the type of 20 proposed. If this type is taken into account, the branch of human aortic arch can be expanded to 21. The seven types are as follows: Type A: 52 cases, accounting for 68.42 ± 5.33%. Type B: 11 cases accounted for 14.47 ± 4.03%. Type C: 4 cases, accounting for 5.26 ± 2.56%. D type: 1 case, accounting for 1.32 ± 1.31%. F type: 4 cases, accounting for 5.26 ± 2.56%, of which 1 case of thyroid gland. Type BF: 1 case, accounting for 1.32 ± 1.31%. This type consisted of common stem and left subclavian artery synthesized by innominate artery and left common carotid artery. We merged Type B and Type F into Type BF according to De Garis’s classification. J type: 3 cases, accounting for 3.95 ± 2.23%, the incidence of this type of pediatric higher than adults. Sixth, this article 76 cases of aortic arch branching compared with adults, the results show that the aortic arch branch types vary with age.