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老龄犯罪宽宥是中国古代社会一以贯之的法律传统。从先秦时代始,历代王朝都以立法的形式确立了这一规范,随着时代的进步和立法水平的提高,法律的相关规定越来越完善。与刑罚制度向着文明、轻缓的方向发展相一致,老龄犯罪所承担的刑事责任也越来越轻,年龄越长承担的刑事责任越小,90岁以上的老人犯罪免除死刑。从刑法理论上说,这一规定具有确认刑事责任能力的意义。这是中国古代德主刑辅指导思想和尊老敬老政策在立法上的体现。考察中华法系老龄犯罪宽宥的立法状况,分析其指导思想、理论基础和政策依据,挖掘中国传统法文化与现代法治的融通之处,对于深入理解《刑法修正案(八)》关于老年人犯罪减免刑罚的相关规定不无裨益,同时也为较好地贯彻执行这一法律提供借鉴。
Aging in old age is a consistent legal tradition in ancient Chinese society. From the pre-Qin era, dynasties and dynasties established this standard in the form of legislation. With the progress of the times and the improvement of the legislative level, the relevant provisions of the law are getting more and more perfect. In line with the penalty system toward a civilized and moderate development, the criminal liability assumed by aging crime is getting lighter and lesser. The younger the criminal responsibility is, the older people over 90 are exempt from the death penalty. From the criminal law theory, this provision has the ability to confirm the meaning of criminal responsibility. This is a reflection of the legislative guiding principle and the policy of respecting and respecting old people in ancient China. This article examines the legislation status of old-age crimes in the Chinese legal system, analyzes its guiding ideology, theoretical basis and policy basis, and explores the merging of Chinese traditional legal culture and modern law. It is of great significance to understand deeply the criminal law amendment (8) Relevant provisions on the reduction of penalties are not without merit, but also provide a good reference for the better implementation of this law.