美国通用汽车公司为制定一套保证汽车在寒冷地区使用的措施,进行了广泛的研究工作。首先研究了热透了汽车在露天低温情况下的冷却速度(图1)。汽车在-40℃温度下停车12小时,不经加热而继续使用是完全不可能的。当蓄电池在-34.4℃温度下停放24小时后,电解液温度下降到-29℃,蓄电池输出的功率则降低85%。在维持蓄电池的温度在26℃水平时,曾对各种绝热材料(聚氨酯海棉橡胶、蜂窝橡胶、聚苯乙烯)与予热装置配合试用。聚 General Motors Corporation conducted extensive research to develop a set of measures to ensure the use of automobiles in cold areas. First of all, we studied the cooling rate of heat-through vehicles in the open air at low temperatures (Figure 1). It is completely impossible for a car to stop for 12 hours at a temperature of -40 ° C without using heat. When the battery is parked at -34.4 ° C for 24 hours, the temperature of the electrolyte drops to -29 ° C and the output of the battery decreases by 85%. In maintaining the battery temperature at 26 ℃ level, had a variety of thermal insulation materials (polyurethane sponge rubber, cellular rubber, polystyrene) and the preheating device with the trial. Poly