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前言自一九四八年世界上第一只锗晶体管问世,锗一直是重要的半导体材料。六十年代随着硅工业的兴起,锗在半导体的主导地位被硅取代。世界锗的需求量曾一度下降。近年来,由于锗在红外光学、光导纤维、催化剂、医药、原子能等应用领域的开发,锗的需求量再次上升,82年世界锗消耗量已突破100吨。因此,锗不仅仍然是硅所不能完全取代的重要半导体材料并且已成为新技术革命及国防军事上的重要基础材料。
Preface Since the first germanium transistor in the world was introduced in 1948, germanium has been an important semiconductor material. In the 1960s, with the rise of silicon industry, germanium was replaced by silicon in the dominance of semiconductors. Demand for germanium in the world has dropped once. In recent years, due to the development of germanium in the fields of infrared optics, optical fiber, catalyst, medicine, atomic energy and other applications, the demand of germanium rises again, and the world germanium consumption has exceeded 100 tons in 82 years. Therefore, not only is germanium still an important semiconductor material that silicon can not completely replace, but it has also become an important military base for new technological revolution and national defense.