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明末清初的大学者、思想家顾炎武,经常对照别人检查自己,发现不足。他认为:在探讨自然与人世以及具有坚忍不拔的精神方面,自己不如王锡阐;在探索深奥、洞察细微的东西方面,自己不如杨雪臣;在专门精研儒家三礼"并具有高超见解方面,自己不如张尔岐;在冷静自处于各家学说之外、独立思考以求更深见解方面,自己不如傅山;在艰苦条件下还能独立攻读、无师自成方面,自己不如李容;在能够经历各种艰难险阻、随时适应环境变化方面,自己不如路安卿;在能够博闻强记、无所不知方面,自己不如吴任臣;在文章能够雅正别人而又用心和善温厚方面启己不如朱尊;
Gu Yanwu, a late-Ming and early Qing dynasty scholar and thinker, often checks himself against others and finds it inadequate. In his opinion, he is not as good as Wang Xi-xing in exploring nature and life, and is perseverance; he is not as good as Yang Xueshen in exploring esoteric and insightful things; he also has a profound understanding of Confucianism As for himself, he is not as good as Zhang Erqi; he is not as good as Fu Shan in his calm thinking outside his own doctrines and independent thinking in order to deepen his understanding. He can also study independently under difficult conditions. Can experience a variety of difficulties and obstacles, ready to adapt to changes in the environment, their own as Lu Anqing; in the ability to boast strong, omniscient, as Wu Wuchen; in the article can be honest and considerate, Respect