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本文根据作者在全国协作研究作物需水量等值线图(湖北协作组)工作中取得的成果及经验,并吸取兄弟省、市、自治区及国外经验,就作物需水量等值线图的类别、绘制原理和方法以及应用等方面进行论述。从满足生产需要出发,提出绘制四种等值线图:(1)全年各月的日平均参照作物需水量等值线图;(2)作物生育期内各月的日平均作物需水量等值线图,(3)作物全生育期需水量等值线图;(4)作物全生育期日平均需水量等值线图。阐述了每种图的依据、作用及绘制方法。 推荐用“改进的彭曼法”及“作物系数”计算作物需水量;指出应用此法时在推算净辐射及空气动力学项中常产生的错误;分析错误的原因,提出正确的算法。 最后,阐述应用需水量等值线图绘制净灌溉定额等值线图的方法,以便用该图进行灌溉区划和灌溉工程的规划、设计与管理;用实例说明利用需水量等值线图综合分析需水量在空间和时间两方面的变化规律,藉以指导抗旱和调整农业布局。
Based on the achievements and experiences of the authors in the collaborative study of crop water requirement contour map (Hubei Cooperative Group) across the country and drawing on the experiences of brother provinces, municipalities and autonomous regions as well as foreign countries, Drawing principles and methods and applications, etc. are discussed. In order to meet the production needs, we propose to draw four kinds of contour maps: (1) map of the average daily reference of crop water requirement in each month of the year; (2) average daily crop water requirement of each month during crop growth period (3) Contour map of water demand during the whole growth period of crop; (4) Contour map of average daily water requirement of crop during its whole growth period. Explain the basis, function and drawing method of each figure. It is recommended that crop water requirements be calculated using the “improved Penman method” and “crop coefficient”; to point out frequently used errors in estimating net radiation and aerodynamics when applying this method; to analyze the causes of errors and to propose correct algorithms. Finally, the method of applying contour map of water demand to draw the contour map of the net irrigation quota is described, in order to use it to plan, design and manage the irrigation zoning and irrigation project; and to illustrate the use of the contour map of water demand Water demand in space and time changes in both the law, in order to guide drought and adjust the layout of agriculture.