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本文对于土壤机械分析在比重计的校正、比重计速测和土粒分散措施进行了一些试验,现将结果摘要如下:1.土壤机械分析中所用的比重计式样和规格应当划一,校正应求精确,这对具体工作方便很多。最好的比重计式样是流线型的浮泡,内盛水银,柄桿应细长,刻度应精确校正。最好固定模型制造比重计以便式样划一。2.固定一个比重计按实际工作结果,假定一个土粒沉降深度,根据司马克公式计算出不同温度下各级土粒沉降一定深度所需时间,以后可按不同温度在不同时间直接测出某种粒径的土粒合量,方便很多。 3.在未除去电解质的情况下,煮沸处理对于土粒分散并无特殊效果,研磨5分钟或搅拌15分钟与振荡8小是对土粒分散的效果很接近,为简化物理分散,研磨处理是可采用的。据初步试验结果,土壤分散剂的用量是在石灰性土壤中以每50克土壤用60毫升0.5N NaPO_3较为适宜,红壤中以50克土用60毫升0.5N NaOH 为较适宜。盐土中的溶性盐分可用玻杯倾倒法结合平板漏斗或巴氏滤管以洗去之,但盐土中的有些盐分可帮助分散剂4分散土粒,据实验结果各种盐类增加 NaPO_3的分散力并不一致,其次序是 Na_2SO_4>NaCl+Na_2SO_4(1:1)>NaCl,但土壤中盐分组成复杂是否可不进行洗盐而直接加分散剂以后应实际试验。
In this paper, soil mechanics analysis in the hydrometer correction, hydrometer hydrometer and soil dispersion measures some of the tests, the results are summarized as follows: 1 soil mechanical analysis used in hydrometer style and specifications should be uniform, the correction should be Exactly, this is a lot easier for specific jobs. The best hydrometer style is a streamlined blister, filled with mercury, with a shank that should be slender, and the scale accurately calibrated. It is best to fix the model to make the hydrometer so that the style is uniform. 2. Fix a hydrometer According to the actual working results, suppose a depth of soil sedimentation, according to Simake formula at different temperatures to calculate the depth of soil particles at all levels of time required for a certain depth, after different temperatures can be measured at different times directly Soil particle size of the grain together, a lot easier. 3. Without removing the electrolyte, boiling treatment has no special effect on the dispersion of soil particles. Grinding for 5 minutes or 15 minutes for stirring is very close to the dispersion of soil particles. To simplify the physical dispersion, the grinding treatment is Can be used. According to the preliminary test results, the amount of soil dispersant used in calcareous soil is 60 ml 0.5N NaPO 3 per 50 g soil is more suitable, and 50 ml soil red soil is 60 ml 0.5N NaOH is more suitable. Salt soluble salt in the soil can be glass dumping method with flat funnel or pasteurized filter tube to wash away, but some salts in the salt soil can help dispersant 4 dispersed soil particles, according to the experimental results of various salts to increase NaPO 3 dispersion The order is Na_2SO_4> NaCl + Na_2SO_4 (1: 1)> NaCl. However, if the salt composition in the soil is complex, whether the salt can be washed or not can be directly tested by adding the dispersant.