一、所有制关系1.所有制变革。20世纪80年代,由匈牙利、波兰、捷克等东欧国家开始,蔓延到苏联的“市场社会主义”改革,与社会主义市场经济不完全相同。东欧国家的改革,实行国家所有制并发展市场,取消命令经济。改革产生了一些变化,但是不彻底。从中得出的第一条经验教训是,一个有效能的市场或者说运行良好的市场经济的必要条件之一是,在所有制结构、财产所有权结构中私有制占主导地位和财产私有权的支配地位。这个必要条件不是充分条件。所有制所有权结构中的地位,不是以其与国民生产总值的 First, the ownership relationship 1. Ownership reform. In the 1980s, the “socialist market-oriented” reforms that began in Eastern Europe by Hungary, Poland and the Czech Republic and spread to the Soviet Union were not exactly the same as the socialist market economy. The reform of Eastern European countries, the implementation of state ownership and the development of markets, the abolition of the command economy. Some changes have taken place in the reform, but not completely. The first lesson learned from this is that one of the necessary conditions for an efficient market or a well-functioning market economy is the dominance of private ownership and the dominance of private ownership of property in the ownership structure and ownership structure. This necessary condition is not sufficient. The position in the ownership structure of ownership is not based on its gross domestic product