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随着电子工业的飞跃发展,第五代电子计算机业已问世。与此相比,在新型材料探索方面尚赶不上电子计算机的发展速度。迄今为止,材料的开发仍处于第四代。为了探讨新型的第五代材料,不妨先回顾一下材料发展史,材料的发展历史与人类的文明史紧密相连。大体可以追溯到约一万年以前的中石器时代。那时,人类所使用的是自然界的天然材料,例如利用岩石制作各种工具,砍伐木材建造住处,剥取动物毛皮用来裹身等等。我们将那时所使用的材料称为第一代材料。
With the rapid development of the electronics industry, the fifth generation of electronic computers has come out. Compared with this, in the new material exploration can not keep up with the pace of development of electronic computers. To date, material development is still in its fourth generation. In order to explore the new fifth-generation materials, we might as well review the history of material development. The history of material development is closely linked with the history of human civilization. It can be traced back to the Middle Stone Age about 10,000 years ago. At that time, human beings were using natural materials from nature, such as using rocks to make various tools, cutting down lumber to build dwelling places, stripping animal fur to wrap themselves up and so on. We refer to the material used at that time as the first generation material.