一个半世纪前,对于有文字记载以前的社会组纵“社会的史前状态几乎完全没有人知道。马克思、恩格斯在世的时候,曾经注视着在俄国发现的土地公有制,注视着这种历史发展的原始形态。他们对于摩尔根的《古代社会》一书给予高度评价。恩格斯说:”摩尔根发现了氏族的真正本质及其对部落的关系,这一卓绝发现把这种原始共产主义社会的内部组织的典型形式指示出来了。随着这种原始公社的解体,社会开始分裂为各个独特的、终于彼此对立的阶级。“①在《家庭、私有制和国家的起源》一书的序言里,还说: About a century and a half ago, almost no one knew about the prehistoric state of society before written accounts of the social groups Marx and Engels used to watch for the public ownership of land discovered in Russia and for this historical development Original form.He spoke highly of Morgan’s ”Ancient Society.“ Engels said: ”Morgan discovered the true nature of the clan and its relationship to the tribe, and this remarkable discovery turned this primitive communist society The typical form of internal organization is indicated. With the dissolution of this primitive commune, society began to split into distinct and ultimately antagonistic classes. “In the preface to the book” The Origin of Family, Private Ownership and State ", he added: