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目的分析长沙市2006—2015年流行性乙型脑炎流行病学特征,为防治乙脑提供科学依据。方法通过中国疾病预防控制信息系统,收集长沙市2006—2015年乙脑确诊病例,描述病例的时间、地区、人群分布等特征。结果长沙市2006—2015年,年均发病率为0.132/10万,年均死亡率为0.015/10万,年均病死率为11.36%。7、8月为发病高峰,占发病总数的95.45%,呈明显季节性。宁乡县、浏阳市为高发地区,其发病数占总病例的65.91%。全市发病主要集中在2~14岁儿童,占87.50%;以学生、散居儿童和托幼儿童为主,占92.04%。全程接种乙脑疫苗的占23.86%,非全程接种占13.52%,无接种和接种史不详者占57.95%。结论长沙市乙脑发病呈散发状态。需继续加强乙脑病例监测和媒介蚊虫监测,落实适龄儿童常规免疫接种、采取防蚊灭蚊为主的综合防控措施以预防乙脑的发生。
Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of Japanese encephalitis in Changsha City from 2006 to 2015 and provide a scientific basis for prevention and treatment of Japanese encephalitis. Methods Through the CDIS (China Disease Prevention and Control Information System), the confirmed cases of JE from 2006 to 2015 in Changsha were collected to describe the characteristics of time, area and population distribution of the cases. Results The average annual incidence of Changsha was 0.132 / lakh from 2006 to 2015, the average annual mortality was 0.015 / lakh and the annual average mortality was 11.36%. July and August peak incidence, accounting for 95.45% of the total incidence, was significantly seasonal. Ningxiang County, Liuyang City, high incidence areas, the incidence of the total number of cases accounted for 65.91%. The incidence of the city mainly concentrated in children aged 2 to 14, accounting for 87.50%; students, children living and nurseries, accounting for 92.04%. The whole course of inoculation of JE vaccine accounted for 23.86%, non-full-time inoculation accounted for 13.52%, no inoculation and vaccination history account for 57.95%. Conclusions The incidence of Japanese encephalitis in Changsha City is sporadic. It is necessary to continue to strengthen the surveillance of JE cases and the monitoring of vector mosquitoes, implement routine immunization of school-age children, and adopt comprehensive prevention and control measures based on mosquito control and mosquito control to prevent the occurrence of Japanese encephalitis.