The traditional Chinese herb Astragalus membranaceus is a well-known treatment for neurological diseases and is considered to exhibit anti-dementia properties.This study investigated the synergistic effects of magnesium ions and Astragalus membranaceus on global brain ischemia in rats.4’-6-diamidino-2-phenylindole staining demonstrated that the number of living neurons was significantly greater in the rat hippocampus after administration of a combination of Astragalus membranaceus and magnesium,compared with a vehicle group,an Astragalus membranaceus alone group,and a magnesium alone group.Western blot assay revealed that cleaved Caspase-3 protein expression was significantly reduced in the rat hippocampus in the combined Astragalus membranaceus and magnesium group compared with the Astragalus membranaceus alone group and the magnesium alone group.The results suggested that the combination of Astragalus membranaceus and magnesium exhibits a stronger neuroprotective effect on global brain ischemia in rats compared with Astragalus membranaceus or magnesium alone.This effect was associated with decreased Caspase-3 expression. The traditional Chinese herb Astragalus membranaceus is a well-known treatment for neurological diseases and is considered to exhibit anti-dementia properties. This study investigated the synergistic effects of magnesium ions and Astragalus membranaceus on global brain ischemia in rats. 4’-6-diamidino -2-phenylindole staining demonstrated that the number of living neurons was significantly greater in the rat hippocampus after administration of a combination of Astragalus membranaceus and magnesium, compared with a vehicle group, an Astragalus membranaceus alone group, and a magnesium alone group. Western blot assay revealed that cleaved Caspase-3 protein expression was significantly reduced in the rat hippocampus in the combined Astragalus membranaceus and magnesium group compared with the Astragalus membranaceus alone group and the magnesium alone group. The results suggested that the combination of Astragalus membranaceus and magnesium exhibits a stronger neuroprotective effect on global bra in ischemia in rats compared with Astragalus membranaceus or magnesium alone. This effect was associated with decreased Caspase-3 expression.