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我国是世界上施用有机肥料历史悠久的国家,尽可能多地将有机肥料投入养分再循环是我国农业的一大特点,也是提高土壤肥力、发展持续农业的—个重要基础。在有机肥的再循环中,通过—年分解,几乎有三分之一左右的有机质留在土壤中。秸秆还田是当前归还土壤有机质的一项重大措施,据1987年统计,全国进入土壤的根茬总量达12800多万吨,其中根量约占一半,另一半为茬量。据统计太湖地区由根茬所形成的有机质量占当年土壤有机质形成量的比例高达40％左右,可见有机肥的贡献之大。国内对农业有机肥养分的循环、平衡、转化研究,从1986年起,在农业部有机肥重点研究项目中开始作为—个重要的专题内容,组织了国内有关的农业科学院、农业大学等8个单位,在总体规划下,共同协作,进行了近10年的系统研究,完成了大量机理性的研究工作。在水田和旱地的碳索平衡特点;有机和无机态肥料氮素在农业生态系统中的转化与循环; 碳、氮、钾在土壤植物动物生态系统中的迁移和分配;塑膜覆盖栽培下土壤中碳素与氮素的转化特点;有机肥的生物有效性与培肥机制;秸秆直接还田的效应与有关机理;有机磷在磷素循环中的作用,不同地区农田养分平衡与调控的宏观分析等方面所取得的研究成果,对于阐明农田生态系统中物质的转化,评价有机肥养分在不?
China is a country with a long history of applying organic fertilizers in the world. As much as possible, recycling organic fertilizers into the nutrients is a major characteristic of our country’s agriculture and an important foundation for raising soil fertility and developing sustainable agriculture. In the recycling of organic fertilizers, almost a third of the organic matter remains in the soil through-year decomposition. According to the statistics of 1987, the total amount of stubble that entered the soil in the country reached more than 128 million tons, of which about half of the root amount and half of the stubble amount were returned to the field. According to statistics, the organic matter formed by stubble in the Taihu Lake area accounts for about 40% of the total amount of soil organic matter in the current year. Therefore, the contribution of organic fertilizer is large. Since 1986, the research on the cycle, balance and transformation of agricultural organic fertilizer in China started to be regarded as an important topic in the Ministry of Agriculture’s organic fertilizer research project and eight related domestic agricultural academies and agricultural universities were organized Under the overall plan, they worked together for nearly 10 years of systematic research and completed a great deal of mechanistic research work. Carbon balance in paddy field and dry land; conversion and cycling of organic and inorganic fertilizers nitrogen in agroecosystem; migration and distribution of carbon, nitrogen and potassium in soil plant animal ecosystems; The transformation characteristics of carbon and nitrogen; the bioavailability of organic fertilizer and its mechanism of fertilization; the effect and related mechanism of direct straw returning; the role of organic phosphorus in the cycling of phosphorus; the macro balance of farmland nutrient balance and regulation in different regions Analysis and other aspects of the research results obtained, for clarifying the conversion of farmland ecosystem material, evaluation of organic fertilizer nutrients in the not?