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【目的】研究花绒寄甲松褐天牛生物型的越冬特性和耐寒能力,确定释放花绒寄甲防治松褐天牛的地域范围,了解林间花绒寄甲种群动态变化,为利用该优良天敌持续控制松褐天牛进而控制松材线虫病提供依据。【方法】通过调查和解剖马尾松受害木,研究花绒寄甲自然种群的越冬场所、越冬高度、聚集形式、越冬方位等特征;人工模拟花绒寄甲的6种不同越冬场所,研究花绒寄甲人工繁育种群成虫的越冬存活率,测定其过冷却点和结冰点;根据等温线划分松褐天牛分布区域,探讨花绒寄甲人工繁育种群在我国的适生范围。【结果】林间调查发现,花绒寄甲自然种群成虫多数以单头、少数以3~5头聚集在马尾松死树主干树皮裂缝和树皮下越冬。越冬部位主要分布在树高2.5~8 m范围内,7 m左右处数量最多。花绒寄甲释放后自由寻找越冬方位,以树干南面分布最多,占总数的58.33%;其次为东面,占21.79%;北面最少,占总数的9.62%。在树皮下、表土中、木质部、树干罩网、树干围网和置于林间养虫笼中所进行的花绒寄甲越冬试验中,其成虫存活率分别为68.33%±9.21%,67.92%±8.87%,73.33%±12.52%,52.08%±8.87%,52.92%±11.61%和44.17%±12.58%,各处理间差异显著。6种不同越冬场所越冬后的花绒寄甲成虫,其过冷却点和结冰点分别为-11.40,-11.25,-11.76,-11.54,-12.75,-12.89和-10.08,-9.95,-10.99,-10.39,-11.23,-12.05℃,各处理之间差异均不显著。比较过冷却点值与我国各地松褐天牛分布区的1月份低温值,人工繁育的花绒寄甲成虫能够在我国大多数松褐天牛分布区安全越冬。【结论】人工繁育的花绒寄甲种群多数以单头、少数3~5头聚集在马尾松死树主干的中上部、南面越冬,越冬存活率达60%以上,且有较低的过冷却点和结冰点。花绒寄甲能够在我国大多数松褐天牛分布区安全越冬。
【Objective】 To investigate the overwintering characteristics and cold tolerance of Monochamus alternatus Hope, to determine the geographical range of Monochamus alternatus and to understand the dynamic changes of Monochamus alternatus Hope population, Excellent natural enemies continue to control Monochamus alternatus to provide the basis for controlling pine wilt disease. 【Method】 By investigating and dissecting the damaged wood of Pinus massoniana, the overwintering sites, overwintering height, aggregated form and overwintering azimuth of natural populations of Pinus elliottii were studied. Six different overwintering sites of Pinus thunbergii were simulated, The overwintering survival rate of the adults of Artificial Breeding Reed (Hypothracea septentrionalis) was determined, and the supercooling point and freezing point were determined. According to the isotherm, the distribution area of Monochamus alternatus was studied to investigate the suitable range of Artificial Breeding of Artemisia fuscus in China. 【Result】 The results of inter-forest investigation showed that most of the adult population of natural populations of M. chinensis gathered in the cracks and barks of the trunk bark of Pinus massoniana with 3 to 5 heads. The overwintering sites are mainly distributed in the range of 2.5-8 m in height, with the largest number at about 7 m. Arborvitae free to find the orientation after the release of winter, to the south of the distribution of the trunk, accounting for 58.33% of the total; followed by the east, accounting for 21.79%; north of the least, accounting for 9.62% of the total. The survival rates of adults under the bark, topsoil, xylem, trunk cover net, tree trunk fence and overwintering moth in the forest cage were 68.33% ± 9.21% and 67.92%, respectively. ± 8.87%, 73.33% ± 12.52%, 52.08% ± 8.87%, 52.92% ± 11.61% and 44.17% ± 12.58%, respectively. The supercooling points and freezing points of the overwintering and freezing points of 6 different overwintering sites were -11.40, -11.25, -11.76, -11.54, -12.75, -12.89 and -10.08, -9.95 and -10.99 respectively , -10.39, -11.23, -12.05 ℃, the differences between treatments were not significant. Compared with the value of freezing point and the value of January low temperature in the distribution area of Monochamus alternatus throughout China, the artificial breeding of Monochamus alternatus can win the winter in most of China’s Monochamus alternatus. 【Conclusion】 Most of the artificial population of Arborvitae fusiformis gathered in the middle and upper part of the trunk of Pinus massoniana with single head and a few of 3 to 5. The survival rate of overwintering in the south was over 60% with low overcooling Point and freezing point. Arborvitae can spend most of China’s Monochamus alternatus winter overwintering.