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目的探讨顺义区常见传染病发病的季节分布特征,为传染病监测防治提供依据。方法采用EARS系统不依赖历史资料方法C1、C2和C3对顺义区常见传染病季节性进行分析。结果顺义区常见传染病中除病毒性肝炎和结核发病无明显季节性流行特征外,其余7种传染病发病均有季节性流行特征。其中细菌性痢疾、麻疹、风疹、手足口病及流行性腮腺炎在1年中的发病只有一个流行高峰,猩红热和水痘在1年中有两个流行高峰。细菌性痢疾发病高峰为5月中旬～10月下旬,持续时间约为21周。麻疹发病高峰为1月中旬～8月中旬,持续时间约为31周。风疹发病高峰为3月上旬～7月中旬,持续时间约为18周。手足口病发病高峰为3月中旬～10月上旬,持续时间约为30周。流行性腮腺炎发病高峰为3月下旬～9月下旬,持续时间约为25周。猩红热流行第一个高峰自4月中旬～6月下旬,持续时间约为10周;第二个高峰自9月下旬～12月上旬,持续时间约为9周。水痘流行第一个高峰始自5月上旬～6月下旬,持续时间约为7周;第二个高峰自10月中旬～第二年2月上旬,持续时间约为15周。结论针对不同传染病的季节性分布特征拟采取不同的措施,预防和控制疾病的发生。
Objective To investigate the seasonal distribution of common infectious diseases in Shunyi District and provide evidence for the prevention and control of infectious diseases. Methods The seasonal epidemiology of common infectious diseases in Shunyi District was analyzed using the EARS system without historical data C1, C2 and C3. Results Among the common infectious diseases in Shunyi District, except for the seasonal epidemic characteristics of viral hepatitis and tuberculosis, there were seasonal epidemic characteristics of the other seven infectious diseases. Among them, the incidence of bacterial dysentery, measles, rubella, hand-foot-mouth disease and mumps is only one epidemic peak in one year. Scarlet fever and chickenpox have two epidemic peak in one year. Bacillary dysentery peak incidence in mid-May to late October, the duration of about 21 weeks. The peak incidence of measles for mid-January to mid-August, the duration of about 31 weeks. The peak incidence of rubella early March to mid July, the duration of about 18 weeks. HFMD peak incidence for mid-March to early October, duration of about 30 weeks. The peak incidence of mumps from late March to late September, the duration of about 25 weeks. The first peak of the scarlet fever epidemic from mid-April to late June, the duration of about 10 weeks; the second peak from late September to early December, the duration of about 9 weeks. The first peak of chickenpox prevalence began in early May to late June, with a duration of about 7 weeks. The second peak, from mid-October to early February of the following year, lasted for about 15 weeks. Conclusion According to the seasonal distribution of different infectious diseases, different measures should be taken to prevent and control the occurrence of the disease.