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钙离子(Ca~(2+))有广泛的生理功能,是兴奋-收缩和兴奋-代谢偶联的偶联剂。从Ringer时起已认识到Ca~(2+)对肌肉收缩和心血管、神经系统功能的重要影响。许多研究表明,Ca~(2+)调节细胞运动、肌肉收缩、神经递质释放、细胞浆流动等众多活动。Ca~(2+)是决定血管平滑肌张力和血管反应性的主要离子,影响动脉血压的各种因素,最终必须通过Ca~(2+)这一共同途径,增加血管周围阻力而升压。此外,Ca~(2+)尚可通过促进肾上腺皮质球状带细胞释放醛同酮,从球旁(JG)细胞释放肾素和促肾上腺素能神经末梢释放交感递质
Calcium (Ca 2+) has a wide range of physiological functions and is a coupling agent for excitatory-contractile and excitatory-metabolic coupling. Since Ringer has been aware of Ca ~ (2 +) on muscle contraction and cardiovascular, nervous system function of the important impact. Many studies have shown that Ca ~ (2+) regulates many activities such as cell motility, muscle contraction, neurotransmitter release and cytoplasmic flow. Ca 2+ is the main ion that determines the vascular tone and vascular reactivity of vascular smooth muscle. Various factors that affect arterial blood pressure eventually must be increased by the common pathway of Ca 2+, increasing the resistance around blood vessels. In addition, Ca ~ (2+) can release sympathomimetics by releasing aldosterone from the adrenal cortical zone cells and releasing renin and adrenergic nerve endings from the paracellular (JG) cells