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介绍一种适用于微纳卫星的新型微电推进方式——微阴极电弧推力器,其利用真空条件下放电电弧烧蚀阴极材料产生较高电离度的高速等离子体喷出产生推力,并利用外加磁场聚焦等离子体以减小羽流扩散角、提高比冲。总结了国外相关机构大量的研究工作,并实现了在轨验证。北京控制工程研究所及其研究团队已攻克了阴极工质均匀烧蚀、低电压放电击穿、磁场设计等关键技术,完成原理样机点火验证工作,并采用实验手段研究磁场对推力器影响;采用PIC/MCC方法开展数值仿真,获得推力器内部及羽流区相关参数分布,对其工作过程及工作机理开展研究,为工程应用奠定了基础。
A new micro-electro-micro thrusters for micro / nano satellites, a micro cathode arc thruster, is introduced. The micro-cathode arc thruster utilizes a high-speed plasma jet with a high degree of ionization by discharging arc ablation cathode material under vacuum to generate thrust force. The magnetic field focuses the plasma to reduce the plume diffusion angle and increase the specific impulse. Summarized a large number of foreign agencies related research work, and achieved in-orbit verification. Beijing Institute of Control Engineering and its research team have overcome the cathode ablation uniform ablation, low voltage discharge breakdown, magnetic field design and other key technologies to complete the prototype ignition verification work, and experimental methods to study the impact of magnetic field on the thruster; The PIC / MCC method is used to carry out numerical simulation to get the distribution of the relevant parameters inside the thruster and the plume zone, and to study its working process and working mechanism, laying a foundation for engineering application.