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油气工业从开发、集输到加工过程使用的各种缓蚀剂通常是含Se、N、S、O等元素的极性有机化合物。由于Se化合物价格昂贵,含S有机化合物可能分出HS~-离子,不宜于油气工业特定的腐蚀环境,因此广泛选用含氮有机化合物作为缓蚀剂。从实验室测试数据对比了脂肪酸胺盐、酰胺、吡啶、季胺盐、咪唑啉等缓蚀剂的缓蚀效果,得出酰胺型缓蚀剂比其他含氮化合物具有类似或更优越的缓蚀性能。酰胺型缓蚀剂的现场试验确认了它的使用性能。从红外谱图,阴阳极极化曲线,失重法评定等数据,探讨了不同酰胺基团对缓蚀效果的影响规律,认为叔酰胺比仲酰胺具有更为显著的效果,从而为合成更佳效果的酰胺型缓蚀剂提供了方向。从酰胺型缓蚀剂的吸附等温线,探讨了它的吸附类型以及造成“完全”单程吸附时的浓度范围,可供使用时选定最佳用量范围的参者。
Various corrosion inhibitors used in the oil and gas industry from development to assembly and processing are usually polar organic compounds containing Se, N, S, O and other elements. Due to the high cost of Se compounds, S-containing organic compounds may separate HS ~ - ions and are not suitable for the specific corrosive environment in the oil and gas industry. Therefore, nitrogen-containing organic compounds are widely used as corrosion inhibitors. The corrosion inhibition effects of fatty acid amines, amides, pyridine, quaternary ammonium salts and imidazoline were compared from the laboratory test data. The results showed that the corrosion inhibitor with amide type had similar or better corrosion inhibition than other nitrogenous compounds performance. Field tests of amide-type corrosion inhibitors confirmed their performance. The effects of different amide groups on the corrosion inhibition were discussed from the infrared spectra, cathodic polarization curve and weight loss method. The results showed that tertiary amides had more significant effects than secondary amides and thus had better effect for synthesis Amide-type corrosion inhibitors provide the direction. From the adsorption isotherm of the amide inhibitor, the types of adsorption and the concentration range of “complete” single-pass adsorption were discussed.