It is necessary to know the distribution of the Chinese eye's aberrations in clinical environment to guide high-resolution retinal imaging system design for large Chinese population application. We collected the monochromatic wave aberration of 332 healthy eyes and 344 diseased eyes in Chinese population across a 6.0-mm pupil. The aberration statistics of Chinese eyes including healthy eyes and diseased eyes were analyzed, and some differences of aberrations between the Chinese and European race were concluded. On this basis, the requirement for adaptive optics (AO) correction of the Chinese eye's monochromatic aberrations was analyzed. The result showed that a stroke of 20
m and ability to correct aberrations up to the 8th Zernike order were needed for reflective wavefront correctors to achieve near diffraction-limited imaging in both groups for a reference wavelength of 550 nm and a pupil diameter of 6.0 mm. To verify the analysis mentioned above, an AO flood-illumination system was established, and high-resolution retinal imaging in vivo was achieved for Chinese eye including both healthy and diseased eyes.