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作为对犯罪行为的反应,被害人行为在某些案件中会介入犯罪过程,并对整个因果关系链条产生扭转性的影响。由于被害人在加害被害关系中处于弱势地位,其对犯罪结果的直接性影响往往被忽视。本文通过对被害人介入行为的分类梳理及案例研讨,认为在第一层次的事实因果关系层面,犯罪行为与被害人行为及犯罪结果之间,几乎都存在着引起和被引起的关系;但在第二层次的法律因果关系层面,被害人行为和犯罪结果在多大程度上能够被先前犯罪行为所创造的风险所容纳,需要结合刑法各罪的法定风险程度以及犯罪行为事实上造成的风险来分析。在法律因果关系上,被害人介入行为可能会阻断因果关系链条。
In response to a criminal act, the victim’s behavior in some cases intervenes in the criminal process and has a twisting effect on the entire causal chain. Because of the disadvantaged status of victims in victimization, the direct impact on crime outcomes is often overlooked. Based on the classification and case study of victim intervention, this paper argues that there are almost all the causal and triggered relations between the first level of factual causation, the criminal behavior and the victim behavior and the result of crime. However, At the level of legal causality level, the extent to which the victim’s behavior and the result of the crime can be accommodated by the risk created by the previous crime need to be analyzed in the light of the statutory risk of the crimes of the criminal law and the de facto risk of the criminal act. In legal causation, victim involvement may block the causal chain.