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目的通过观察亚慢性染毒纳米碳酸钙大鼠器官组织病理学变化,初步探讨纳米碳酸钙的毒性和可能靶器官。方法选取健康SD大鼠100只,随机分为对照组、微米碳酸钙组(200 mg/kg)、纳米碳酸钙组(12.5、50和200 mg/kg)。滴鼻染毒,每周5次,连续12周。染毒结束24 h后处死大鼠,腹主动脉采血,全自动生化分析仪检测天冬氨酸转氨酶(AST)及丙氨酸转氨酶(ALT)活性和肌酐(Cr)、尿素氮(BUN)含量,取大鼠心、肝、脾、肺、肾、脑海马组织进行病理观察。结果对照组大鼠各器官均未见异常。微米碳酸钙组大鼠肺泡壁充血水肿,炎性细胞侵润。纳米碳酸钙组大鼠肺泡壁充血水肿,炎性细胞浸润,局部肺不张,部分小血管出现玻璃样变;支气管黏膜萎缩、剥脱,大量炎性细胞浸润。高剂量纳米碳酸钙组大鼠肾小球肿胀,肝细胞脂肪样变。纳米碳酸钙各组大鼠血清ALT活性和BUN含量显著高于对照组(P<0.05),高剂量组大鼠血清BUN含量显著高于微米碳酸钙组(P<0.05)。结论亚慢性染毒纳米碳酸钙可导致大鼠肺、肝、肾组织病理学损伤。
OBJECTIVE To investigate the pathological changes of organ in rats subchronicly exposed to nano-CaCO3, and to explore the toxicity and possible target organs of nano-CaCO3. Methods One hundred healthy SD rats were randomly divided into control group, calcium carbonate group (200 mg / kg) and calcium carbonate group (12.5, 50 and 200 mg / kg). Dripping nose poisoning, 5 times a week for 12 weeks. Twenty-four hours after the end of the treatment, the rats were sacrificed and blood was taken from the abdominal aorta. The activities of AST and ALT and the content of creatinine (Cr) and urea nitrogen (BUN) were measured by automatic biochemical analyzer. The pathological changes of heart, liver, spleen, lung, kidney and hippocampus were observed. Results The rats in the control group showed no abnormalities in various organs. Microalgae calcium carbonate alveolar wall congestion and edema, inflammatory cell infiltration. Nano-CaCO3 group alveolar wall congestion and edema, inflammatory cell infiltration, local atelectasis, some small vessels appear glassy change; bronchial mucosa atrophy, exfoliation, a large number of inflammatory cell infiltration. Glomerular swelling and hepatocellular steatosis in high-dose Nano-CaCO3 group rats. The serum ALT activity and BUN content of rats in each group were significantly higher than those in the control group (P <0.05). The levels of serum BUN in the high dose group were significantly higher than those in the micronized calcium carbonate group (P <0.05). Conclusion Subchronic exposure to nano-CaCO3 can cause the pathological damage of lung, liver and kidney in rats.