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在组织工程研究领域中,利用干细胞进行牙齿再生是一种途径。目前,研究认为牙齿的发育过程是上皮与间充质相互诱导的结果,利用干细胞进行再生牙齿时也需要有上皮源性和间充质源性干细胞的参与。牙髓干细胞是牙齿自体的干细胞,具有多向分化潜能,在牙齿再生中是一种理想的间充质源性干细胞。该研究通过慢病毒介导在牙髓干细胞中分别过表达人Msx1、Pax9和Bmp4基因,研究其对牙向分化的诱导潜能。过表达这三个基因均能显著提高牙髓干细胞碱性磷酸酶的水平,并且促使牙髓干细胞表达成牙本质细胞标志蛋白——牙本质涎磷蛋白、骨钙素、骨桥素和形成钙化组织。但在诱导牙向分化的能力上,三个基因有一定的区别。过表达Msx1基因对牙髓干细胞体外诱导牙向分化能力最为明显,其次是Bmp4基因,过表达Pax9在促进牙髓干细胞表达骨桥素和钙质形成上不是很显著。
In the field of tissue engineering research, the use of stem cells for tooth regeneration is a way. At present, the study suggests that the process of tooth development is the result of mutual induction of epithelium and mesenchyme, and the use of stem cells for regeneration of the teeth also requires the involvement of epithelial-derived and mesenchymal stem cells. Dental pulp stem cells are tooth-derived stem cells that have the potential to differentiate into multiple types and are ideal mesenchymal stem cells for tooth regeneration. In this study, lentivirus-mediated overexpression of human Msx1, Pax9 and Bmp4 genes in dental pulp stem cells was used to investigate the potential of differentiation into dental pulp. Overexpression of these three genes can significantly improve the level of alkaline phosphatase in dental pulp stem cells and promote the expression of dental pulp stem cells into dentin sialoprotein, osteocalcin, osteopontin and calcification organization. However, there is a certain difference between the three genes in inducing the ability of teeth to differentiate. Overexpression of Msx1 has the most obvious ability to induce dental pulp stem cells to differentiate in vitro, followed by Bmp4. Overexpression of Pax9 is not significant in promoting the expression of osteopontin and calcium in dental pulp stem cells.