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水力发电站中有各种型式的机墩,而机墩型式与机型有关。如浙江省贼石水库电站采用的水轮发电机型号 TS215/36—16和水轮机型号 HL263—LJ—100(HL230—LJ—100),由于技术参数对轴长受到限制,钢蜗壳必须外露在水轮机层平面;同时定子直径又比蜗壳外径小得多,因而就采用顶部为环形的三脚型空间机墩(图1)。上述机型,我省也有采用框架式机墩。可是经过实践证明,三脚型空间机墩比框架式机墩优越。其主要优点:(1)节省建筑材料,降低造价,钢筋用量只有框架式机墩的1/2～2/3;(2)水轮机层布置紧凑,可以缩小建筑面积10%左右;(3)刚度大,自振频率较高,不易产生共振。三脚型空间机墩的结构固受力条件复杂,使成为一种特殊的空间框架,其内力计算按空间结构分三步进行:第一按圈梁垂直方向计算内力;第二按圈梁水平方向计算内力;第三按短路力矩计算内力。机墩动荷载分析不包括在本文内。
There are various types of piers in hydroelectric power stations, and the type of pier is related to the model. For example, the hydraulic turbine generator model TS215 / 36-16 and the hydraulic turbine model HL263-LJ-100 (HL230-LJ-100) adopted by Zheshi Reservoir Power Station in Zhejiang Province should be exposed due to the limitation of shaft length due to technical parameters At the plane of the turbine layer, the diameter of the stator is much smaller than the outer diameter of the volute. Therefore, a three-legged space pier with an annular top is used (Figure 1). The above models, our province also has a frame machine pier. However, it has been proved that the three-way space machine is superior to the frame machine. Its main advantages are: (1) saving construction materials and reducing the cost, and the amount of steel used is only 1/2 ~ 2/3 of the frame machine piers; (2) the layout of the turbine layers is compact and can reduce the building area by about 10%; (3) Large, high natural frequency, not easy to produce resonance. The structure of the three-legged space pier has complex structure and force conditions, which makes it a special space frame. The internal force calculation is divided into three steps according to the spatial structure: the first one calculates the internal force according to the vertical direction of the ring beam; the second calculates the internal force according to the horizontal direction of the ring beam Calculate the internal force; the third calculation of internal force by short-circuit torque. The dynamic analysis of machine piers is not included in this paper.