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故宫是明清两代的皇宫,又称紫禁城,是世界上保存最完好的宫殿建筑群之一,保留了大量明清的建筑材料。区分明代和清代的建筑材料,是故宫古建筑研究与保护的重要内容。本文以故宫神武门大修中拆卸下的上层檐琉璃瓦件为研究对象,利用热释光测年技术对瓦件的年代进行测定,发现该类瓦件的热释光年代明显早于故宫清代瓦件;并通过x射线荧光法、x射线衍射法对神武门瓦件以及故宫清代琉璃瓦件的胎体元素组成、物相组成进行分析和比较,对神武门瓦件的年代进行了辅助判断。根据明代文献中北京宫殿用琉璃瓦件来自安徽太平府的记载,比较了神武门瓦件和安徽当涂琉璃窑出土的明代琉璃瓦件、南京明代报恩寺琉璃瓦件的胎体元素组成和物相组成,说明其胎土产地不是安徽当涂。根据神武门瓦件胎体中物相组成与故宫清代瓦件总体上相近的情况来看,其胎土可能产自北京门头沟。
The Forbidden City is the imperial palace of the Ming and Qing dynasties, also known as the Forbidden City. It is one of the most well-preserved palace complexes in the world and retains a large amount of building materials in the Ming and Qing dynasties. The distinction between the Ming and Qing Dynasties building materials, is an important part of the study and protection of ancient buildings in the Forbidden City. In this paper, the demolition of the Forbidden City Shenwumen overhaul glass glazed tile upper eaves as the research object, the use of thermoluminescence dating techniques to determine the date of the tile pieces and found that such tile pieces of the heat-ray was significantly earlier than the Qing Dynasty Imperial Palace The composition and phase composition of the carcasses of the Shenwumen tile and the glazed tile of the Qing Dynasty in the Forbidden City were analyzed and compared by X-ray fluorescence and X-ray diffraction, and the judgment of the ages of the Shenwu tile was made. According to records from the Ming Dynasty in Beijing palace with glazed tiles from Taiping Prefecture in Anhui Province, comparison of the Shenwumen tile and Anhui Dashu glass kiln unearthed in the Ming Dynasty glazed tile pieces, Nanjing Ming Dynasty Temple glazed tile pieces of carcass element composition and phase composition, Explain that their birthplace is not Anhui Dangtu. According to the Shenwu Gate tile carcass phase composition and the Forbidden City Qing Dynasty tiles are generally similar situation, its fetal soil may be produced from Beijing Mentougou.