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目的调查延安市大于15岁心理疾病患者的发病情况与病症特征,并对此制定干预防范机制。方法使用ICD-10为诊断工具和诊断标准,采取分层整群随机抽样方法,在延安市1区12县所登记的15岁以上患有心理疾病的人中抽取2189人进行心理疾病评定。结果精神分裂症占精神疾病总量的60.33%,癫痫类精神疾病占20.13%,器质性精神障碍占9.18%。女性心理疾病的患病比例高于男性(χ2=14.36,P<0.001),35~44岁之间患病比例最大30.09%(χ2=535.84,P<0.001),农村患病比例高于城市(χ2=1214.69,P<0.001)。结论精神分裂症、癫痫、器质性精神障碍,是3个重点心理疾病,加大力度给予治疗;开展心理疾病的预防与干预,更大程度的降低外因引起心理疾病。
Objective To investigate the incidence and symptom characteristics of mental illness patients older than 15 years old in Yan’an City and to develop an intervention prevention mechanism. Methods Using ICD-10 as a diagnostic tool and diagnostic criteria, a stratified cluster random sampling method was used to assess the mental illness in 2189 people aged 15 and over who had mental disorders registered in 12 counties in District 1 of Yan’an City. Results Schizophrenia accounted for 60.33% of total mental illness, epilepsy mental illness accounted for 20.13%, organic mental disorders accounted for 9.18%. The prevalence of female mental illness was higher than that of male (χ2 = 14.36, P <0.001), the highest prevalence was 30.09% between 35 and 44 years old (χ2 = 535.84, P <0.001) χ2 = 1214.69, P <0.001). Conclusions Schizophrenia, epilepsy and organic mental disorders are the three major psychological diseases, and give more efforts to the treatment. To prevent and intervene the psychological diseases and reduce the external causes of mental illness to a greater extent.