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19世纪后半期,在西方列强的强迫下,中国成为海港检疫制度全球化进程的一分子。为避免因防疫致外人干涉内政,海关开始负责海港检疫的实施。本文以1894年爆发的香港鼠疫为例,考察了香港、广州和上海三地的不同应对,分析出海港检疫的全球化对中国的影响及其遇到的问题。由于缺乏港口所在地中国官府的合作,以及中国人对检疫隔离方式的认同,仅靠医官和海关的力量,海港检疫实已难有效控制疫情的蔓延,必须转而依靠地方卫生治理。
In the latter half of the 19th century, under the coercion of the Western powers, China became part of the globalization process of the harbor quarantine system. In order to prevent outsiders from interfering in the internal affairs due to epidemic prevention, the department started to take charge of the implementation of harbor quarantine inspection. Taking the Hong Kong Plague erupted in 1894 as an example, this article examines the different responses of Hong Kong, Guangzhou and Shanghai and analyzes the impact of the quarantine of the harbor on China and its problems. Due to the lack of cooperation between the Chinese government where the ports are located and the Chinese’s recognition of quarantine methods, the port quarantine alone can hardly effectively control the spread of the outbreak and must rely on local health control instead of the power of medical officers and customs.