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人们观看悲剧,在悲痛之余,又会产生一种美感的愉悦,这种心理体验是每一个看过悲剧的人都经历过的,亚里士多德在《诗学》中指出了悲剧心理的两个特征:一是悲剧引起怜悯与恐惧的情感,二是悲剧借怜悯与恐惧使情感得到“净化”。在悲剧艺术带给人的审美体验上,他认为,悲剧能够借助于引起人们的怜悯和恐惧之情来使灵魂得到净化和陶冶作用。而我们知道,主人公的不同命运归宿,悲剧作品的成功与否,最终目的直指是否能够满足观众的心理需求(或心理期待)。因此,如何将“悲剧快感”作为一种审美意义上的关照;通过人的心理学自居作用去剖析接受者,就显得尤为重要了。进一步探讨人为什么喜爱悲剧艺术,为什么会产生“悲剧快感”。
When people watch the tragedy, apart from their grief, they will produce a pleasant pleasure again. Such a psychological experience has been experienced by every person who has seen the tragedy. Aristotle pointed out the tragic psychology in “Poetics” The two traits are: First, the tragedy causes the feelings of compassion and fear; second, the tragedy gets “cleanliness” through the compassion and fear. In the aesthetic experience brought by the tragedy art, he believes that tragedy can purify and mold the soul by means of the feelings of arousing people’s compassion and fear. And we know that the protagonist’s fate of destiny, the success of the tragedy works, the ultimate goal directed at whether the audience can meet the psychological needs (or psychological expectations). Therefore, how to treat “the pleasure of tragedy ” as a kind of aesthetic care; it is especially important to analyze the recipient through human psychology. Further explore why people like tragedy art, why there is “tragedy pleasure.”