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九章算术大約在公元一世紀編集成书,其中已著录正负术,这是我国古代数学上的光輝成就。正負术的产生有它在数学本身內在的发展,但为什么我国很早就熟悉了正負术,这和我国古代天文学的发展有关。东汉元和二年(85),我国天文学家创制的四分曆中,明白的記載了正負术的方法。它說: “強正弱负也。其強弱相減,同名相去;异名从之,从強进少为弱,从弱退少为強。”四分曆在計算太阳的視位置度数时,以不滿整度数部分用少、半、太来区别。少是1/4,半是2/4,太是3/4。比“少”多一些的叫少强,比“少”少一些的叫少弱。它們间的关系是:
Nine chapters of the book were compiled around the first century AD, and they have been marked with positive and negative techniques. This is a brilliant achievement in ancient Chinese mathematics. The production of positive and negative techniques has its inherent development in mathematics itself, but why China is familiar with positive and negative techniques very early, which is related to the development of ancient astronomy in China. In the Eastern Han Dynasty and the Second Year (85), a four-point calendar created by Chinese astronomers clearly recorded the positive and negative methods. It said: “Strong is weak and weak is also negative. Its strength and weakness are subtracted, and the same name goes away; synonyms are taken from it, from strong to small is weak, and from weak to weak is strong.” When the quadrant calendar calculates the apparent position of the sun, The difference between the partial number and the partial number is less, half, or too much. Less is 1/4, half is 2/4, too is 3/4. More than “less” is called Shaoqiang, and less than “less” is called less weak. The relationship between them is: