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目的：提高对非疫区布鲁氏菌病的认识与诊断水平。方法分析遵义医学院附属医院2013年8月收治的1例布鲁氏菌病患者，以“布鲁氏菌、布氏杆菌”为检索词检索PubMed检索系统、中国生物医学文献服务系统（SINOMED）、万方医学数据库及维普信息资源系统，并结合检索文献进行分析。结果女患，44岁，以头痛为首发表现，后出现咳嗽及发热就诊。初诊为沙门氏菌感染，予抗感染及对症治疗后患者发热高峰值逐渐下降，病程期间出现腰背部疼痛，行血培养及骨髓培养明确诊断为布鲁氏菌病。检索国内外相关文献报道该病发病率呈上升趋势。结论布鲁氏菌病起病及临床特征表现形式多样，对于临床特征表现不典型，特别是此病散发及发病率低的地区，临床医师应提高对该病的诊断及认识，避免漏诊及误诊。“,”Objective To improve the understanding and diagnosis of brucellosis in non-epidemic areas. Method Analyse a brucellosis patient admitted in the affiliated hospital of zunyi medical col ege on August 2013 and apply ‘Brucellosis,Brucella’ as key words to retrieve related literatures in Pubmed, Chinese biomedical literature service system (SINOMED) and VIP information resources system. Results A 44-year-old female patient who presented headache as initial complaint, fol owing fever and cough symptoms. Primary diagnosis was Salmonel a infection, during the period of treatment, the peak of fever decreased gradual y and appeared lumbar back pain .Then blood and bone marrow culture confirmed brucellosis, and relevant literatures reported that the incidence of brucellosis showed an upward tendency. Conclusion Varied from the onset and clinical features of brucellosis, especial y in the area with low morbidity, improve the diagnosis , meanwhile avoid misdiagnoses and ignoring typical symptoms is important for clinicians.