【摘 要】
：
Diabetes mellitus is a major health problem with increasing prevalence at a global level.The discovery of insulin in the early 1900s represented a major breakthrough in diabetes management,with further milestones being subsequently achieved with the ident
【机 构】
：
Department of Pharmacology,Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology,Faculty of Pharmacy,University of
论文部分内容阅读
Diabetes mellitus is a major health problem with increasing prevalence at a global level.The discovery of insulin in the early 1900s represented a major breakthrough in diabetes management,with further milestones being subsequently achieved with the identification of glucagon-like peptide-1(GLP-1)and the introduction of GLP-1 receptor agonists(GLP-1 RAs)in clinical practice.Moreover,the subcu-taneous delivery of biotherapeutics is a well-established route of administration generally preferred over the intravenous route due to better patient compliance and prolonged drug absorption.However,current subcu-taneous formulations of GLP-1 RAs present pharmacokinetic problems that lead to adverse reactions and treatment discontinuation.In this review,we discuss the current challenges of subcutaneous administration of peptide-based therapeutics and provide an overview of the formulations available for the different routes of administration with improved bioavailability and reduced frequency of administration.
其他文献
建设创新型省份不仅是贯彻落实建设创新型国家的重要举措,也是形成强大区域竞争优势的紧迫要求.为加快山东省创新型省份建设进程,山东省提出了以提高科技自主创新能力为重点,加快具有山东特色的科技创新体系建设,形成有利于自主创新的体制机制,实现我省科技综合竞争力位次前移,由经济增长方式粗放型向集约型转变,为提前全面建成小康社会和基本实现现代化提供科技支撑的建设创新型省份总体要求.2019年,山东省创新型省份建设全面起势,但与先进省份相比仍有较大差距.
Alzheimer\'s disease(AD),the most prominent form of dementia in the elderly,has no cure.Strategies focused on the reduction of amyloid beta or hyperphosphorylated Tau protein have largely failed in clinical trials.Novel therapeutic targets and strategie
As a cellular bulk degradation and survival mechanism,autophagy is implicated in diverse biological processes.Genome-wide association studies have revealed the link between autophagy gene polymorphisms and susceptibility of autoimmune diseases including s
在大自然中,树种的寿命差异是很大的.有些树种虽高大挺拔,但寿命并不长,如杨树、柳树,寿命一般为几十年,超过百年的很少.但有些树种的寿命可以达到几千年,可谓长寿树种.银杏就是名副其实的长寿树种,其在自然生长条件下的寿命可达几千年.目前据林业部门统计,我国5 000年以上的银杏大约有12株.这些树屹立在苍天之下巍巍千年,是一道风景,也是一大奇观.
A股上市企业是全省研发投入的中坚力量,对我省打赢研发投入攻坚战具有重要意义.2019年,江西A股上市企业研发投入总量为113.85亿元,较上年增长11.57％,占全省企业研发投入总量(329.68亿元)的34.53％,研发投入强度(企业研发经费支出占营业收入的比重)为2.12％,较上年增长0.04个百分点.
Endothelial cells play an obligatory role in regulating local vascular tone and maintaining homeostasis in vascular biology.Cell metabolism,converting food to energy in organisms,is the primary self-sustaining mechanism for cell proliferation and reproduc
《中国区域科技创新评价报告2020》显示,全国科技创新水平进一步提升,全国综合科技创新指数较上年提高4.34个百分点,达到72.19％.我省综合科技创新水平指数达到65.91％,较上年提高0.18个百分点,位次下降1位,居全国第11位(图1).结合我省实际,与排名靠前的江苏、浙江、广东、湖北、陕西和安徽六省对比分析如下.
目的 分析2020年1-2月长沙市疾病预防控制中心微生物实验室收集的2297份新型冠状病毒(severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2,SARS-CoV-2)核酸检测基本情况和病毒的分子特征.方法 对2020年1月19日-2020年2月29日送至长沙市疾病预防控制中心微生物实验室的新冠肺炎疑似病例咽拭子或呼吸道标本提取病毒RNA,采用实时逆转录聚合酶链反应(real-time reverse transcription poly-merase chain
Esophageal cancer(EC)is one of the most common cancers with high morbidity and mor-tality rates.EC includes two histological subtypes,namely esophageal squamous cell carcinoma(ESCC)and esophageal adenocarcinoma(EAC).ESCC primarily occurs in East Asia,wher
目的 分析河南省洛阳市2016-2017年风疹病例流行病学特征和风疹病毒分离株基因特征,为洛阳市风疹防控提供支持.方法 搜集河南省洛阳市2016-2017年风疹病例流行病学信息,采用描述性流行病学的方法,分析其流行病学特征.采集病例咽拭子标本进行病毒分离,采用RT-PCR方法扩增风疹病毒E1基因片段,测序后获得序列,使用Mega7.0.26软件进行进化树分析、同源性分析、核苷酸特征和氨基酸特征分析.结果 河南省洛阳市2016-2017年共报告病例232例,年龄集中于10～＜15岁组和15～＜20岁年龄组,