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[目的]增加农民收入,减少肥料浪费,研究氮、磷、钾肥施用对蔬菜产量的影响,以及氮、磷、钾肥在蔬菜、土壤中累积量。[方法]进行一个周年轮作设施番茄、菜花、芹菜田间施肥试验。[结果]当番茄、菜花、芹菜不施N、P、K肥时,减产6.0%~13.8%,年总收入分别减少39220、36902、22023元/hm2;氮、磷、钾素是蔬菜产量的限制因子。蔬菜中N吸收量:番茄和菜花>芹菜,P吸收量:菜花>番茄和芹菜,K吸收量:番茄>芹菜>菜花;番茄果实中氮吸收量低于菜花果实氮吸收量,植株氮吸收量也低于菜花植株。而果实中磷、钾的吸收量是高于植株,并且钾吸收量明显高于植株。氮、磷、钾吸收总量顺序为菜花>番茄>芹菜。番茄、菜花和芹菜收获后的土壤氮、磷、钾含量均高于种植前的土壤含量;受底施有机肥的影响,番茄土壤中残留氮含量、芹菜土壤残留磷含量都高于基础土壤含量2倍以上;菜花没施有机肥,土壤残留氮、钾含量低于番茄和芹菜。[结论]土壤残留磷含量比较高,造成资源浪费,也污染土壤环境。应加强有机无机配合施肥。
[Objective] The purpose was to increase the income of farmers and reduce the waste of fertilizers. The effects of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers on the yield of vegetables and the accumulation of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in vegetables and soil were studied. [Method] The experiment of fertilization in the field of tomato, cauliflower and celery was carried out in an annual rotation facility. [Result] When the tomato, cauliflower and celery did not apply N, P and K fertilizer, the yield was reduced by 6.0% ~ 13.8%, the total annual income decreased by 39220, 36902 and 22,023 yuan / hm2, respectively; Limiting factor. N absorption in vegetables: tomato and cauliflower> celery, P uptake: cauliflower> tomato and celery, K uptake: tomato> celery> cauliflower; nitrogen absorption in tomato fruit was lower than nitrogen absorption in cauliflower, nitrogen absorption in plant Also lower than cauliflower plants. The absorption of phosphorus and potassium in fruits was higher than that in plants, and the potassium uptake was significantly higher than that in plants. The order of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium absorption was cauliflower> tomato> celery. The contents of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in the soil after tomato, cauliflower and celery harvest were higher than those before planting. The residual nitrogen content in tomato soil and residual phosphorus in celery soil were higher than those in basic soil 2 times more; cauliflower no organic fertilizer, soil residual nitrogen, potassium content lower than tomatoes and celery. [Conclusion] The content of residual phosphorus in soil was relatively high, resulting in the waste of resources and the pollution of soil environment. Should strengthen the organic and inorganic fertilization.