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与环境侵害事件的数量不断增长相伴发生的是侵权归责原则的变化。英美法中的严格责任原则、法国法中的过错推定原则、德国法中的危险责任、我国法中的无过错责任原则等都是这种变化的结果。这些归责原则的确立为合理处理环境侵权案件提供了便利,为保护环境侵害案件受害者的利益提供了制度保障。日本法的归责原则的变化过程比较典型地反映了这种变化趋势。但是,这些比过错责任原则更能满足环境受害者的要求的归责原则却不具有有效保护环境的作用。因为受害人的利益并不等于环境利益,有效维护受害人利益的归责原则不必然具有有效保护环境的威力。无过错责任原则的运用可能给企业带来生产成本增加,但这种增加不足以阻止其继续从事对环境有害的活动。
As the number of environmental violations continues to grow, the principle of tort liability changes. The strict liability principle in Anglo-American law, the principle of presumption of fault in French law, the dangerous liability in German law and the principle of no-fault liability in our law all are the result of such changes. The establishment of these imputation principles has facilitated the reasonable handling of environmental infringement cases and provided institutional guarantees for the protection of the victims of environmental violations. The changing course of the principle of imputation of Japanese law typically reflects this trend of change. However, these principles of liability, which better meet the requirements of environmental victims than the principle of fault liability, do not have the effect of effectively protecting the environment. Because the interests of the victims do not equal the environmental interests, the principle of attributing effective protection of the interests of the victims does not necessarily have the power to effectively protect the environment. The application of the principle of no-fault liability may result in an increase in production costs for the enterprise, but this increase is not sufficient to prevent it from continuing to engage in activities that are harmful to the environment.