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西方寻租理论于60～70年代产生于美国,其基本思想是:由于垄断利润的存在,追求利润的动机总会使一些人进行争取“垄断地位”的活动(即“寻租”)。寻租活动的社会成本十分昂贵,其直接后果是抑制了市场公平竞争,人为扭曲了资源的配置,造成社会资源的浪费,间接后果则可能影响社会风气,引发政治腐败。与通常意义上的市场相比,我国石油“内部市场”尚存在以下不足:(1)市场主体经济地位不确定;(2)市场客体不是真正的商品;(3)市场交易制度不完善及制度执行不严格。由此造成了石油“内部市场”中寻租现象相当普遍。但是,我们不能简单地套用寻租理论来对石油“内部市场”中的问题加以解释,或对“内部市场”的积极作用加以否定,而是应该借鉴寻租理论分析问题的方法,追索寻租的根源,使制度更加完善,促进石油内部市场尽快向统一、开放的石油市场体系过渡。
Western rent-seeking theory originated in the United States from the 1960s to the 1970s. Its basic idea is that the motivation of profit-seeking always causes some people to strive for “monopoly status” (ie, “rent-seeking”) because of monopoly profits. The social costs of rent-seeking activities are very expensive. The direct consequence is the suppression of fair competition in the market, the distorted allocation of resources artificially, and the waste of social resources. The indirect consequences may affect the social atmosphere and trigger political corruption. Compared with the market in the usual sense, the following problems still exist in the “internal market” of China’s petroleum: (1) the economic status of the main market is uncertain; (2) the market objective is not a real commodity; (3) the market trading system is imperfect and the system Not strictly enforced. As a result, rent-seeking in the “internal market” of petroleum is quite common. However, we can not simply apply the theory of rent-seeking to explain the problems in the oil “internal market” or negate the positive role of the “internal market.” Instead, we should learn from the theory of rent-seeking theory to analyze the problems, The root causes of rent, to make the system more perfect, to promote the internal oil market as soon as possible to a unified, open transition of the oil market system.