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为了探明早稻稻草的高效还田方式,采用大田试验,研究了不同早稻稻草还田方式对晚稻产量、钾素农学效应、植株吸钾量和钾素利用率的影响,为南方稻田晚稻生产中如何利用早稻稻草提供指导。结果表明:稻草焚烧(SI)或稻草覆盖(SM)还田提高了钾素农学效应、产值、增产值和产投比,稻草覆盖(SM)还田还提高了吸钾总量和钾素利用率。通过计算农田钾素表观平衡,发现除稻草留高桩(HN)处理外的所有处理都出现了钾素亏缺,稻草全部焚烧(SI)、稻草留高桩部分焚烧(HI)和稻草覆盖(SM)处理钾素亏缺量小于稻草不还田(AK)处理。综合考虑产量、经济效益和钾素利用率等因素,南方双季稻区早稻稻草覆盖还田是最优的还田方式,对减少晚稻化学钾肥投入具有重要作用。
In order to find out the efficient ways to restore rice in early rice, field experiments were conducted to study the effects of different forms of rice straw returning on rice yield, agronomic effects, potassium uptake and potassium utilization rate in rice field. How to use early rice straw to provide guidance. The results showed that rice straw incineration (SI) or straw mulching (SM) returning to the field increased the agronomic effect, output value, yield value and ratio of production to production of potassium, and straw covered (SM) returning also increased total potassium uptake and potassium utilization rate. By calculating the apparent balance of potassium in farmland, it was found that all the treatments except rice straw stay-high pile (HN) showed potassium deficiency, full straw incineration (SI), partial straw burning (HI) and straw cover (SM) treatment was less than the amount of potassium deficiency rice straw (AK) treatment. Taking into account factors such as yield, economic benefits and potassium utilization, the coverage of straw in early rice in the southern double cropping rice region is the best way to return straw, which plays an important role in reducing the input of chemical potassium fertilizer in late rice.