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腺苷是一种内生性核苷,由腺嘌呤和核酸糖组成,广泛分布于哺乳动物各个组织中。细胞内的前体腺嘌呤核苷酸如三磷酸腺苷(adenosine 5’-triphosphate,ATP)、二磷酸腺苷(adenosine 5’-diphosphate,ADP)和单磷酸腺苷(adenosine 5’-monophosphate,AMP)等经核苷磷酸水解酶和5’-外核苷酸酶水解为腺苷,并经腺苷转运载体分泌于胞外,腺苷及其受体在体内发挥着至关重要的作用,如在神经系统和呼吸系统中等。在生殖系统中腺苷及其受体与阴茎勃起功能和精子活力有关;调节睾丸细胞分泌;在输精管中发挥神经样调节作用;调节附睾和前列腺平滑肌收缩;参与调节卵巢细胞内分泌和卵母细胞成熟;调节输卵管细毛运动和子宫平滑肌舒缩;调节胎盘血流量等。本文就腺苷及其受体在生殖系统的表达及作用作一综述。
Adenosine is an endogenous nucleoside, composed of adenine and sugar nucleic acid, widely distributed in mammalian tissues. Intracellular precursor adenine nucleotides such as adenosine 5’-triphosphate (ATP), adenosine 5’-diphosphate (ADP) and adenosine 5’-monophosphate (AMP) Adenosine is hydrolyzed by nucleoside phosphatase and 5’-exonuclease and is secreted by the adenosine transport carrier in the extracellular domain. Adenosine and its receptor play a crucial role in the body, System and respiratory system are medium. In the reproductive system of adenosine and its receptors and penile erectile function and sperm motility; regulate testicular cell secretion; in the vas deferens play a neuromodulatory role; regulate epididymal and prostatic smooth muscle contraction; participate in the regulation of ovarian endocrine and oocyte maturation ; Regulate tubal hair movement and uterine smooth muscle contraction; regulate placental blood flow and so on. This article reviews the expression and role of adenosine and its receptors in the reproductive system.