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目的分析宝鸡地区4 583例肺炎患儿的临床特征,为规范化诊治,降低死亡率提供科学依据。方法采用回顾性分析方法,选取2015年1-12月在宝鸡市妇幼保健院住院诊治的4 583例肺炎患儿的病例资料对其进行分析。结果 4 583例小儿肺炎,住院分类诊断依次是支气管肺炎2 244例(49%)、重症肺炎1114例(24.3%)、毛细支气管炎885例(19.3%)、大叶性肺炎259例(5.6%)、新生儿轻症肺炎76例(1.7%)、闭塞性毛细支气管炎5例(0.1%)。其中1岁以内肺炎患儿3 559例(77.7%),重症肺炎1 035例(占重症肺炎的92.9%),宝鸡地区小儿肺炎患病高峰年龄在1岁以内,且1岁以内重症肺炎的发生率明显高于1岁以上(P均<0.01)。共患病在新生儿组和非新生儿组表现不同。小儿肺炎治愈好转率99.0%,转院率0.8%,死亡率0.2%。重症肺炎平均住院11.8d,较轻症肺炎明显延长,差异具有统计学意义(U=13.64,P<0.01)。结论肺炎是宝鸡地区5岁以下小儿死亡的第一位原因,占全部住院儿死亡的32.4%。儿科医务人员要规范诊疗,从多方面进一步提高小儿肺炎的综合诊疗水平。
Objective To analyze the clinical features of 4 583 children with pneumonia in Baoji area and provide a scientific basis for standardized diagnosis and treatment and reduction of mortality. Methods A retrospective analysis method was used to analyze the data of 4 583 children with pneumonia who were hospitalized in Baoji Maternal and Child Health Hospital from January to December in 2015. Results A total of 4 583 cases of pneumonia were diagnosed in the hospital, followed by 2 244 cases (49%) of bronchopneumonia, 1114 cases (24.3%) of severe pneumonia, 885 cases of bronchiolitis (19.3%), 259 cases of lobar pneumonia ), Neonatal mild pneumonia in 76 cases (1.7%), and obliterative bronchiolitis in 5 cases (0.1%). Among them, 3 559 (77.7%) were pneumonia children, 1 035 severe pneumonia (accounting for 92.9% of severe pneumonia) within 1 year of age, the peak age of infantile pneumonia was less than 1 year old in Baoji region, and the incidence of severe pneumonia within 1 year Rate was significantly higher than 1 year old (P <0.01). The comorbidity manifests differently in the neonatal and non-neonatal groups. Pediatric pneumonia cure rate of 99.0%, transfer rate of 0.8%, the mortality rate of 0.2%. Severe pneumonia was hospitalized for an average of 11.8 days, mild pneumonia was significantly prolonged, the difference was statistically significant (U = 13.64, P <0.01). Conclusions Pneumonia is the first cause of death in children under 5 years of age in Baoji, accounting for 32.4% of all in-hospital children. Pediatric medical staff to standardize treatment, from many aspects to further improve the comprehensive diagnosis and treatment of pneumonia in children.