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本文以苏格兰启蒙思想家休谟为个案 ,来探讨后发展国家中所存在的“文明化”与民族主义之间的紧张 ,以及这种紧张感的解决。休谟的民族主义迥乎不同于德国的文化民族主义 ,具有一种反民族主义的独特面相 ,它试图通过对本民族的历史和文化的解构和祛魅 ,来着手对先进文化的复制 ,用以实现“文明化”。这种以发展为要务的民族主义具有广阔的历史视野和开放的文化心态 ,具有相当的历史启迪意义。
This article takes Hume, a Scottish enlightenment thinker, as an example to discuss the tension between “civilized” and nationalism in post-development countries and the resolution of such tensions. Hume’s nationalism is very different from that of German cultural nationalism and has a unique anti-nationalist face. It attempts to replicate the advanced culture through the deconstruction and disenchantment of the history and culture of its own nation in order to realize Civilization. This kind of nationalism with development as the most important task has a broad historical perspective and an open cultural mentality, which is of considerable historical enlightenment significance.