We demonstrate an ultra-long cavity by which an all-fiber erbium-doped fiber laser is passively mode-locked by nonlinear polarization rotation.The length of the resonant cavity amounts to 466m,which can be achieved by incorporating a 420m highly nonlinear fiber.The laser generates stable mode-locked pulses with a 444 kHz fundamental repetition rate.A near transform-limited subpicosecond pulse is obtained without any dispersion compensation.The maximum average power of the output pulses is 5.16 mW,which corresponds to a per-pulse energy of 11.62nJ.A low-repetition-rate optical pulse train is required for many applications such as micromachining,biomedical diagnostics and lidar systems.[1-3] However,the repetition rate of conventional fiber lasers is normally tens of MHz.Pulse pickers such as Pockels cells or acousto-optic modulators are always used to lower the repetition rate,however,reduction in this way introduces significant energy losses,impairs the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and increases complexity.Because the pulse repetition rate of a modelocked laser is inversely proportional to its resonator length,longer cavities lead to lower pulse repetition rates and,consequently,to higher pulse energy at the same average power of radiation.