一、企业的合约性质 古典经济学常常将企业看作一个生产函数,只是到了科斯在1937年发表了《企业的性质》一文后,人们对企业的认识才逐渐清晰起来。科斯在文中指出:企业和市场是资源配置的两种可以互相替代的手段,而且两者都是有成本的;他们之间的不同表现在:在市场上,资源的配置是由非人格化的价格来调节的,而在企业内,相同的工作则由权威来实现。企业之所以出现,是因为权威关系能大量减少市场分散定价的交易数 First, the contractual nature of the enterprise Classical economics often view the business as a production function, only to Coase published in 1937, “the nature of the enterprise,” a people's understanding of the business gradually clear. Coase pointed out in his article: Enterprises and markets are two alternative means of resource allocation, and both are costly. The differences between them are as follows: In the market, the allocation of resources is determined by the impersonal price To adjust, and in the enterprise, the same work by the authority to achieve. The reason why enterprises appear because the authoritative relationship can greatly reduce the number of transactions