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氨属于危险化学品,具有化学品特有的火灾爆炸和毒害危险性,在化工厂使用比较普遍,但作业人员却往往容易忽视其危险性。而一旦泄漏发生爆炸事故,将对现场作业人员和厂区建构筑物造成很大的危害,各地发生的氨泄漏事故案例并不少,所造成的危害也足够人们引起高度重视。如何正确识别氨特有的危险性,采取行之有效的安全技术措施,尽量避免危险事故的发生,减少对人身安全的威胁,已经成为企业管理者和政府安全监管部门的重要课题。本文根据氨的化学性质,假设氨发生泄漏,采用泄漏扩散模型和蒸气云爆炸后果计算模型进行模拟分析,计算其泄漏扩散范围的速度和爆炸时产生的破坏半径,并提出相应的安全对策措施,为企业决策者和政府部门提供参考。
Ammonia is a hazardous chemical that possesses the unique risk of fire, explosion and poisoning of chemicals and is more commonly used in chemical plants, but workers tend to overlook their dangers. Once the leakage explosion, will cause great damage to the site operators and plant structures, there are many cases of ammonia leaks around the case, the harm caused enough people pay attention. How to correctly identify the unique dangers of ammonia, take effective safety and technical measures, try to avoid the occurrence of dangerous accidents and reduce the threat to personal safety has become an important issue for enterprise managers and government safety regulatory authorities. According to the chemical nature of ammonia, assuming that ammonia leaks, the leakage diffusion model and the calculation model of steam cloud explosion are used to simulate and analyze the speed of leakage diffusion and the damage radius caused by the explosion, and the corresponding safety measures are put forward. For business decision-makers and government departments provide a reference.