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精子在冷冻和复温过程中,可因温度的变化而受到损伤。使精子活动率降低30%;对宫颈粘液和去透明带金黄仓鼠卵细胞的穿透力(MPT和EPT)降低;在女性生殖道中寿命缩短;精子细胞代谢活动紊乱;形态结构破坏。复苏后的精子与新鲜精子相比,致孕力要降低15～20％,女性受孕力可下降。引起损伤的主要原因是:细胞外冰晶的形成造成细胞内脱水及细胞内冰晶的直接机械损伤,导致精子内外环境中分子异常移动的结果。一、精子冷冻保存的生物学过程精子从室温降至-196.5℃(液氮),经历5个阶段:
Sperm in the freezing and rewarming process, due to temperature changes can be damaged. The sperm motility rate decreased by 30%; cervical mucus and to the zona pellucida golden hamster egg cell penetration (MPT and EPT) decreased; shortened life expectancy in the female genital tract; sperm cell metabolic activity disorders; morphological damage. After the recovery of sperm compared with fresh sperm, the pregnancy force to reduce 15 to 20%, female fertility can be reduced. The main causes of injury are: the formation of extracellular ice crystals cause intracellular dehydration and direct mechanical damage of intracellular ice crystals, resulting in the abnormal movement of molecules inside and outside the sperm results. First, the biological process of cryopreservation of sperm from room temperature to -196.5 ℃ (liquid nitrogen), through five stages: