Samples were continuously collected from aerosol, fresh snow, and snow pits on Glacier No. 1 at Urumqi River source in eastern Tianshan (天山) Mountains. The deposition processes and the characteristics of mineral dust microparticles from aerosol to fresh snow, and then evolution to the snow pit were determined. Total dust microparticle concentration in the surface snow and aerosol showed a similar temporal variation trend, which was strongly associated with regional and local at-mospheric circulation in the Tianshan Mountains region of Central Asia. Especially from November to February, the correlation coefficient of microparticles concentration in surface snow and aerosol is very high (R2=0.7). Vertical profiles of microparticles in the snow pits showed that observed dust layers were in high correlation with concentration peaks of large microparticles (d>10 μm), but low correlation with that of fine microparticles (d<1 μm). Moreover, explicit post-depositional process of dust particles was studied by tracking some typical dust concentration peaks in the snow pit. We find that late sum-mer is a key period for post-deposition of dust particles in the snow, as particle concentration peaks in the snow pit evolve intensely during this period. Such evolutional pattern of large particles makes it possible to preserve information of at-mospheric dust in the snow, which offers an available proof to reconstruct historical climate using ice cores on Glacier No. 1 and other gla-ciers in the Tianshan Mountains. Samples were continuously collected from aerosol, fresh snow, and snow pits on Glacier No. 1 at Urumqi River source in eastern Tianshan Mountains. The deposition processes and the characteristics of mineral dust microparticles from aerosol to fresh snow, and then evolution to the snow pit were determined. The total dust microparticle concentration in the surface snow and aerosol showed a similar temporal variation trend, which was strongly associated with regional and local at-mospheric circulation in the Tianshan Mountains region of Central Asia. Especially from November to February, the correlation coefficient of microparticles concentration in surface snow and aerosol is very high (R2 = 0.7). Vertical profiles of microparticles in the snow pits showed that observed dust layers were in high correlation with concentration peaks of large microparticles (d> 10 μm) but low correlation with that of fine microparticles (d <1 μm). Moreover, an explicit post-depositional process of dust par We find that late sum-mer is a key period for post-deposition of dust particles in the snow, as particle concentration peaks in the snow pit evolve intensely during this period Such evolutional pattern of large particles makes it possible to preserve information of at-mospheric dust in the snow, which offers an available proof to reconstruct historical climate using ice cores on Glacier No. 1 and other gla-ciers in the Tianshan Mountains.