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为了清晰地描述冬小麦生产中耗水特征,基于水足迹理论和量化方法,分析了河南省小麦生产水足迹特征,并对造成水足迹区域差异的因素进行归因分析。结果表明:小麦生产水足迹的空间分布差异显著,其中豫西、豫中、豫南和豫北的小麦水足迹较高,而豫东地区的生产水足迹较低。豫南绿水足迹比例最高为34.5%,豫北绿水足迹最低为13.6%,绿水足迹所占比例呈现出从南向北递减的空间分布格局。归因分析结果显示,化肥、农机动力、降水量和平均气温是影响小麦水足迹空间差异的主要因素,且农业生产因子对水足迹的影响大于气象因子的。因此,提高农业生产效率和农业水资源利用效率,对河南省水资源的合理配置和高效利用有重要意义。
In order to clearly describe the characteristics of water consumption in winter wheat production, the characteristics of wheat water production in Henan Province were analyzed based on water footprint theory and quantitative methods. Attributional analysis was also conducted on the factors causing regional differences in water footprint. The results showed that there was significant difference in the spatial distribution of wheat production water footprint, in which the wheat water footprint was higher in western Henan, central Henan, southern Henan and northern Henan, while the production water footprint in eastern Henan was lower. The highest proportion of green water footprint in southern Henan is 34.5% and the lowest in northern Henan is 13.6%. The proportion of green water footprint shows a decreasing spatial distribution pattern from south to north. The results of attribution analysis showed that the main factors affecting the spatial variation of wheat water footprint were chemical fertilizers, agricultural motive power, precipitation and average temperature, and the impact of agricultural production factors on water footprint was greater than that of meteorological factors. Therefore, improving agricultural production efficiency and utilization efficiency of agricultural water resources is of great significance to the rational allocation and efficient utilization of water resources in Henan Province.