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氮是人们熟知的一种重要的非金属元素,而在钢铁中却被认为是一种杂质元素。钢中留有氮时,将导致钢的宏观组织疏松,降低钢的韧性和导磁率,甚至形成气泡,但钢中含氮能促进其晶粒细化,提高钢的硬度和强度。目前人们已公认氮是一种重要的合金元素,多采用中间合金或渗入方法加入钢中。我校采用粒了注入法,通过高速粒子束将氮元素移植到钢铁表面层中,提高了钢铁合金的耐磨性、抗蚀性和疲劳寿命,已广泛用于飞机制造、造船工业、机械工业、交通等部门,取得了巨大的经济效益与社会效益。 为了控制和获得优异的渗氮层,我们用化学方法测定了钢铁离子轰击器件表面的氮含量及分布情况。此法简单、实用、迅速、可靠。 1 试样制备 离子轰击后的钢铁试样,采取机械剥离法,分层剥离出0.020mm左右的片末。 2 仪器与试剂 定氮仪(自制);微量滴定管(自制)。 H_2SO_1 1∶4;NaOH 50％;标准H_2SO_4 0.0025mol/L;硼酸0.1％。 混合指示剂:甲基红(0.125g)+次甲基蓝(0.083g)+乙醇(1000ml);HF溶液;H_2O_2;HClO_4溶液。 3 试验方法 试样以酸溶解并以HF、H_2O_2或HClO_4助溶(视不同试样而定),用水蒸气蒸馏法,以NaOH标准液滴定。
Nitrogen is a well-known non-metallic element, but in steel is considered as an impurity element. When nitrogen is left in the steel, the macro-structure of the steel is loosened, the toughness and permeability of the steel are reduced, and bubbles are formed. However, the nitrogen in the steel can promote grain refinement and increase the hardness and strength of the steel. At present, nitrogen has been recognized as an important alloying element, and the use of intermediate alloy or infiltration method to join the steel. Our school uses grain injection method, through the high-speed particle beam nitrogen will be transplanted to the surface layer of steel to improve the wear resistance of steel alloys, corrosion resistance and fatigue life, has been widely used in aircraft manufacturing, shipbuilding industry, machinery industry , Transportation and other departments, has made tremendous economic and social benefits. In order to control and obtain an excellent nitriding layer, we measured the nitrogen content and distribution on the surface of the steel ion bombardment device chemically. This method is simple, practical, rapid and reliable. 1 Sample Preparation After ion bombardment of steel samples, using mechanical stripping method, delamination of about 0.020mm piece of film. 2 instruments and reagents Ding Zi (self-made); microtiter tubes (homemade). H 2 SO 1 1: 4; NaOH 50%; standard H 2 SO 4 0.0025 mol / L; boric acid 0.1%. Mixed indicator: methyl red (0.125g) + methine blue (0.083g) + ethanol (1000ml); HF solution; H_2O_2; HClO_4 solution. 3 Test Method Acid dissolution and with HF, H_2O_2 or HClO_4 solubilization (depending on the sample may be), by steam distillation, titration with NaOH standard solution.