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目的探讨护士职业紧张状况与心理健康的关系,为提高护士的心理健康水平提供科学依据。方法采用职业紧张量表(OSI-R)与症状自评量表(SCL-90)对743名护士进行问卷调查。结果与成渝两地技术人员常模比较,护理人员的个体紧张反应总均分(92.14±0.69)显著高于常模值(84.78±18.16),个体应对资源总均分(123.98±0.68)显著低于常模值(130.02±17.39),差异有显著性(P<0.01)。护士SCL-90总均分与职业任务各子项均呈明显正相关(P<0.01);与个体应对资源各子项均呈明显负相关(P<0.01)。多元逐步回归分析显示年龄、任务过重、任务冲突、责任感、工作环境、社会支持、理性处事影响护士SCL-90的得分,对护士心理健康状况具有预测力。结论护理人员的心理健康状况与职业紧张因素有关;社会支持、工作环境和责任感等职业紧张因素对护理人员的心理健康状况具有预测力。
Objective To explore the relationship between occupational stress and mental health in nurses and provide scientific basis for improving the mental health of nurses. Methods Totally 743 nurses were surveyed by Occupational Stress Test (OSI-R) and Symptom Checklist 90 (SCL-90). Results Compared with the norm of technicians in Chengdu and Chongqing, the total average score of individual stress response in nursing staff was significantly higher than that of normal model (92.14 ± 0.69) (84.78 ± 18.16) (123.98 ± 0.68) Lower than the normal value (130.02 ± 17.39), the difference was significant (P <0.01). The total score of SCL-90 in nurses was positively correlated with each sub-item of occupational tasks (P <0.01), and negatively correlated with all sub-items of individual coping resources (P <0.01). Multivariate stepwise regression analysis showed that SCL-90 scores of nurses were influenced by age, overwork, task conflicts, responsibility, work environment, social support and rational services, which had predictive value for the mental health of nurses. Conclusion The mental health status of nursing staff is related to occupational stress factors. Occupational stress factors such as social support, working environment and sense of responsibility have predictive effects on the mental health status of nursing staff.