目的：我们最近的实验发现大鼠侧脑室注射氨甲酰胆碱引起显著的促钠排泄作用，本工作同时还观察了下丘脑内不同脑区的儿茶酚胺能神经元活性的变化。方法和结果：氨甲酰胆碱注射后４０ｍｉｎ，下丘脑室旁核的腹侧和内侧小细胞部、内侧视前区、尾核、苍白球的酪氨酸羟化酶免疫反应（ｔｈｙｒｏｓｉｎｅｈｙｄｒｏｘｙｌａｓｅｉｍｍｕｎｏｒｅａｃｔｉｖｉｔｙ，ＴＨＩＲ）阳性细胞数减少，免疫反应染色强度降低；下丘脑室旁核的后部，下丘脑前区的后部、下丘脑室周核、弓状核、下丘脑外侧区的ＴＨＩＲ阳性细胞数增多，免疫反应染色强度增强。结论：侧脑室注射氨甲酰胆碱对脑内不同脑区的内源性儿茶酚胺能神经元分别有兴奋或抑制作用，其与促钠排泄的关系将在本文中讨论 OBJECTIVE: In our recent experiments, we found that intracerebroventricular injection of carbachol causes significant sodium excretion in rats. In the present study, we also observed the changes of catecholaminergic neurons in different brain regions in the hypothalamus. Methods and Results: Forty minutes after the injection of carbachol, the activity of tyrosine hydroxylaseimmunoreactivity in hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus ventral and medial small cell, medial preoptic area, caudate nucleus and globus pallidus , TH  IR) decreased the number of positive cells, immunoreactive staining intensity decreased; the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus in the rear, the anterior hypothalamic area, the hypothalamic ventricular nucleus, arcuate nucleus, hypothalamic lateral TH The number of IR positive cells increased, and the intensity of immune reaction staining increased. Conclusion: Intracerebroventricular injection of carbachol can excite or inhibit endogenous catecholaminergic neurons in different brain regions, and their relationship with sodium excretion will be discussed in this article