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在英语中used to…, be used to…, be used to do…, be used as/for…等用法容易混淆,为了帮同学们弄清它们的用法,现总结如下:
一、used to do sth.
used to中的 to是不定式符号,后加动词原形,表示“过去常常做某事(而现在已不做)”,其时态形式不变。
1. 肯定句
He used to get up early.他过去常常早起。
The river used to be clean. 这条河过去很干净。
2. 否定句用didn’t use to, used not to或usedn’t to
He didn’t use to get up early.他过去常常不早起。
The river usedn’t to be clean.这条河过去不干净。
3. 疑问句常用Did… use to…?或 Used… to…?
Did you use to be a teacher?= Used you to be a teacher?你过去是个老师吗? 4. 反意疑问句
She used to live in the country, didn’t/usedn’t she?
There used to be a big tree here, didn’t/usedn’t there?
注意used to与 would的区别:
1. used to表示过去习惯性的动作,现在已不如此了,would则表示过去和现在均可能有的习惯性动作。两者意思基本相同,但used to较为口语化;used to常不需要表示时间的副词短语或从句,而would则需要。例如:
He used to get up early.他过去起床很早(现在起床不早了)。
He would get up late when he was young, but he is used to getting up early.他年轻时经常晚起,但现在习惯于早起了。
2. used to既表动作,又表状态,而would只用于表动作。如:“他过去身体很好。”只能译成He used to be very healthy. 不能译成He would be very healthy.
二、be used to sth./doing sth., get/become/grow used to
be used to中to是介词,后面加名词或动名词,其中be有各种时态的变化形式,表示“习惯于……”,强调状态。get/become/grow used to强调“变得习惯于……”。例如:
She is used to living in the country.她习惯于住在农村。
He is used to hard work (working hard).他习惯于努力地工作。
I am not used to being spoken to in that rude way.我不习惯别人以那种粗鲁的方式和我说话。
You’ll soon be/get/become / grow used to our way of living.你会渐渐习惯我们的生活方式。
I have been used to rice (eating rice).我已习惯了吃米饭。
三、use sth. to do sth.(主动形式:用……干某事) , sth. be used to do sth.(被动形式:……被用来干某事)
I use a knife to cut bread. (主动形式)
→A knife is used to cut bread. (被动形式)
They use coal to keep warm. (主动形式)
→Coal is used to keep warm.(被动形式)
四、be used for sth./doing sth.
be used for中for为介词,后加名词或动名词,表示“……被用来干某事”,与be used to do sth. 同义。例如:
—What do you use this tool for?你用这个工具干什么?
—It is used for cutting/to cut hair. 它被用来剪头发。
五、be used as/for(被用作……用)
1. During the war the castle was used as a prison/for keeping prisoners in.战争期间这城堡被用来作监狱。
2. A burnt stick can be used as a pencil. 烧焦的树枝可当作笔用。
一、used to do sth.
used to中的 to是不定式符号,后加动词原形,表示“过去常常做某事(而现在已不做)”,其时态形式不变。
1. 肯定句
He used to get up early.他过去常常早起。
The river used to be clean. 这条河过去很干净。
2. 否定句用didn’t use to, used not to或usedn’t to
He didn’t use to get up early.他过去常常不早起。
The river usedn’t to be clean.这条河过去不干净。
3. 疑问句常用Did… use to…?或 Used… to…?
Did you use to be a teacher?= Used you to be a teacher?你过去是个老师吗? 4. 反意疑问句
She used to live in the country, didn’t/usedn’t she?
There used to be a big tree here, didn’t/usedn’t there?
注意used to与 would的区别:
1. used to表示过去习惯性的动作,现在已不如此了,would则表示过去和现在均可能有的习惯性动作。两者意思基本相同,但used to较为口语化;used to常不需要表示时间的副词短语或从句,而would则需要。例如:
He used to get up early.他过去起床很早(现在起床不早了)。
He would get up late when he was young, but he is used to getting up early.他年轻时经常晚起,但现在习惯于早起了。
2. used to既表动作,又表状态,而would只用于表动作。如:“他过去身体很好。”只能译成He used to be very healthy. 不能译成He would be very healthy.
二、be used to sth./doing sth., get/become/grow used to
be used to中to是介词,后面加名词或动名词,其中be有各种时态的变化形式,表示“习惯于……”,强调状态。get/become/grow used to强调“变得习惯于……”。例如:
She is used to living in the country.她习惯于住在农村。
He is used to hard work (working hard).他习惯于努力地工作。
I am not used to being spoken to in that rude way.我不习惯别人以那种粗鲁的方式和我说话。
You’ll soon be/get/become / grow used to our way of living.你会渐渐习惯我们的生活方式。
I have been used to rice (eating rice).我已习惯了吃米饭。
三、use sth. to do sth.(主动形式:用……干某事) , sth. be used to do sth.(被动形式:……被用来干某事)
I use a knife to cut bread. (主动形式)
→A knife is used to cut bread. (被动形式)
They use coal to keep warm. (主动形式)
→Coal is used to keep warm.(被动形式)
四、be used for sth./doing sth.
be used for中for为介词,后加名词或动名词,表示“……被用来干某事”,与be used to do sth. 同义。例如:
—What do you use this tool for?你用这个工具干什么?
—It is used for cutting/to cut hair. 它被用来剪头发。
五、be used as/for(被用作……用)
1. During the war the castle was used as a prison/for keeping prisoners in.战争期间这城堡被用来作监狱。
2. A burnt stick can be used as a pencil. 烧焦的树枝可当作笔用。