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中英联合声明和基本法(草案)征求意见稿都定明在主议的前提下,香港特别行政区可享有高度的自治权。①简单来说,一国两制下的分权关系,就是北京中央政府的主权与香港特别行政区的高度自治权之间的平衡。要了解高度自治,我们必须先由自治出发,而要了解主权与自治的关系,我们又必须以世界各国中央政府与地方政府其他的分权模式为出分点。也只有在掌握了主权与自治的真正意义之后,我们才可以剖析现在基本法(草案)征求意见稿所描述的中央与特区关系是否能真正均衡主权和高度自治权之问的关系。我们希望透过这些分析,可为北京中央和未来香港特别行政区建立一套理想的分权模式提供参考。
Both the Sino-British Joint Declaration and the Basic Law (Draft) Draft for Comment Requirement stipulate that the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region will enjoy a high degree of autonomy on the premise. ① To put it simply, the separation of powers under the principle of “one country, two systems” means the balance between the sovereignty of Beijing’s central government and the high degree of autonomy of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region. To understand a high degree of autonomy, we must first proceed from autonomy. To understand the relationship between sovereignty and autonomy, we must also make a point of departure from other decentralization models of the central and local governments in other countries. Only after we have mastered the real significance of sovereignty and autonomy can we analyze the relationship between the question of whether the relationship between the Central Government and the SAR as described in the draft Basic Law (Draft) today can truly balance sovereignty and a high degree of autonomy. We hope that through these analyzes, we can provide a reference for the Beijing Central Government and the future Hong Kong Special Administrative Region to establish an ideal decentralization model.