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目的探讨老年人饮食与营养性疾病的关系。方法对宁波市白鹤社区的781位老人,采用随机抽样的方法分为试验组383位,对照组398位。根据《中国居民膳食指南》的要求,对试验组的老人进行总能量控制,给予适量的碳水化合物和蛋白质,减少饮食中脂肪和胆固醇,增加维生素和膳食纤维的含量,同时配合药物治疗和适量的运动。对照组除了相关药物治疗和适量运动外,饮食上不予任何干预措施。结果经过一年多时间的饮食干预,试验组老人在减少便秘、减轻肥胖、降低胆固醇、三酰甘油等方面均有显著的疗效,与对照组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论在保证正常生理功能的营养需要量的同时,强调高纤维素、高维生素饮食,可有效地降低营养性疾病的发生率,尤其对降低肥胖、便秘、减少肠道疾病和高脂血症的发生有显著的疗效。
Objective To explore the relationship between diet and nutritional diseases in the elderly. Methods 781 elderly people in Baihe community in Ningbo were divided into experimental group (383) and control group (398) using random sampling method. According to “Dietary Guidelines for Chinese Residents,” the total energy control of the elderly in the experimental group was given an appropriate amount of carbohydrates and proteins to reduce the dietary fat and cholesterol, increase the content of vitamins and dietary fiber, and at the same time with the drug treatment and appropriate amount of movement. The control group in addition to the relevant drug treatment and moderate exercise, the diet without any intervention. Results After more than one year of dietary intervention, the elderly in the experimental group had significant effects in reducing constipation, reducing obesity, lowering cholesterol and triglyceride, with significant difference compared with the control group (P <0.05). Conclusions While maintaining the nutritional requirements of normal physiological functions, it is emphasized that high-cellulose and high-vitamin diet can effectively reduce the incidence of nutritional diseases, especially for reducing obesity, constipation, reducing intestinal diseases and hyperlipidemia A significant effect occurred.