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目的:分析产妇孕期被动吸烟情况及其影响因素,进一步探讨被动吸烟与孕产期母婴健康的关联。方法:选择上海市某区小学、初中、高中各1所,以班级为单位进行整群抽样,共调查1 444名学生,按母亲孕期有无被动吸烟分为被动吸烟组和对照组。比较两组母亲孕期健康情况、新生儿出生健康情况和社会家庭经济情况。结果:16.4%的母亲在孕期处于被动吸烟环境中,且以丈夫吸烟、丈夫文化程度低、家庭经济状况较差的人群分布较高。被动吸烟组孕产妇流产、营养不良、羊水过少、胎盘早剥和有3种以上妊娠并发症发生率明显高于无被动吸烟组(P<0.05)。被动吸烟组的新生儿体重偏低、早产儿和过期产儿发生率、后代女孩出生率明显高于对照组(P<0.05)。另外,被动吸烟组的母乳喂养持续时间低于对照组(P<0.05)。结论:孕妇被动吸烟可严重影响孕妇和胎儿健康。今后应进一步深入有关香烟烟雾危害的健康教育,并以孕妇最终能够有效回避香烟烟雾的危害为最终目标。
Objective: To analyze the passive smoking during pregnancy and its influencing factors, to further explore the relationship between passive smoking and maternal and child health. Methods: One primary school, one middle school and one high school in a district of Shanghai were enrolled in this study. Cluster sampling was conducted on the basis of class. A total of 1 444 students were surveyed and divided into passive smoking group and control group according to their passive smoking during pregnancy. The maternal health status during pregnancy, newborn birth health status and social family economic status were compared between the two groups. Results: 16.4% of mothers were in passive smoking during pregnancy, smoking was higher with her husband, her husband was less educated, and her family’s economic status was worse. Passive smoking group, maternal miscarriage, malnutrition, oligohydramnios, placental abruption and more than three pregnancy complications were significantly higher than those without passive smoking (P <0.05). Passive smoking group of newborns with low body weight, the incidence of premature and postpartum children, the birth rate of the offspring was significantly higher than the control group (P <0.05). In addition, the passive smoking group breastfeeding duration was lower than the control group (P <0.05). Conclusion: Passive smoking in pregnant women can seriously affect the health of pregnant women and fetuses. In the future, health education on the harmful effects of cigarette smoke should be further deepened and the ultimate goal should be to end the harmful effects of cigarette smoke by pregnant women.